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Table 4 Kruskal–Wallis test for variables related to production and farmers among the adoption intensity groups

From: Enhancing agricultural value chains through technology adoption: a case study in the horticultural sector of a developing country

Variable

Statistic (H)

Intensity of adoption

Very low (A)

Low (B)

High (C)

Very high (D)

Education

8.1127**

5.8750a

8.7273b

8.8125b

10.3636b

Family size

10.8346***

3.7500ab

3.9697a

3.6563a

5.0909b

Permanent labor

5.5452*

0.8750a

1.1212a

1.4063a

1.4545a

Temporary labor

2.8120*

0.5000a

0.0303a

0.1250a

1.0000a

Productive area (ha)

0.6392

2.3125a

2.6803a

2.8688a

2.1545a

Farm size (ha)

0.7912

2.6875a

3.1227a

3.5609a

3.1818a

Owned land area (ha)

1.6641

2.6875a

3.0924a

3.1859a

2.2727a

Irrigated area (ha)

2.2585

0.8125a

1.7379a

2.1438a

1.9727a

Investment

8.9057**

1.3750ab

1.4242a

1.9688b

2.3636b

Diversification

3.4538

1.5000a

1.9697a

2.3438a

2.1818a

  1. 10% significance (*); 5% significance (**); 1% significance (***). According to the nonparametric mean comparison test, the means with a common letter are not significantly different (p > 0.05)