Table 2 Details of model variables
From: New evidence in the relationship between trade openness and food security in Sub-Saharan Africa
Variables | Definition of variables | Unity | Recent usage in extant Studies | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|
ADESA | Average dietary energy supply adequacy | % | Fusco et al. [34] | FAOSTAT |
APS | Average protein supply | g/cap/day | FAO, [60] | FAOSTAT |
PCFSV | Per capita food supply variability | Kcal/cap/day | Remans et al.[61] | FAOSTAT |
SDES | Share of dietary energy supply derived from cereals. roots and tubers | Kcal/cap/day | Bai and al., [62] | FAOSTAT |
Openness | Trade openness in % of GDP a | % | Yanikkaya, [49] | WDI |
Globalization | KOF index of globalization (0–100); composite index measuring three dimensions (economic, social, political) | N° | Gygli et al. [64] | KOF Swiss Economic Institute |
Corruption | Control of corruption score b | N° | Kar & Saha, [65] | WGI |
Governance | Government Effectiveness score | N° | Olofin et al.[66] | WGI |
Political | Political Stability score | N° | Golo [36] | WGI |
Remittances | Personal Remittances received | % of GDP | Mabrouk & Mekni, [67] | WDI |
EDUC | Secondary school enrollment proxy of human capital | % Gross | Okah et al. [59] | WDI |
Log (GDP) | GDP per capita. PPP Constant 2017 | international $ | Bezuneh & yiheyis [60] | WDI |
SADGP | Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added | % GDP | Ogunniyi et al. [61] | WDI |
POP growth | Population growth | (Annual %), | Yunusa et al. [62] | WDI |
IND | The intensity of natural disasters is measured as the number of affected divided by the total population | % | Tirivangasi [63] | EM-DAT |
Inflation | Consumer prices inflation | N° | Ames et al. [50] | WDI |
Agri. product | Cereal yield | kg/per/hectare | Muzari [64] | FAOSTAT |
Landlocked | Indicator variable takes the value of 1 for landlocked countries and 0 otherwise | N° | Rahim [65] | CEPII |