Variable | Per adult equivalent calorie availability | Household Food Consumption Score | Household Dietary Diversity Score | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS (1) | 2SLS (2) | OLS (3) | 2SLS (4) | Poisson (5) | IVPoisson (6) | |
Number of assets woman has self or joint ownership of | \({78.692}^{***}\) \((25.544)\) | \({299.857}^{**}\) \((81.514)\) | \({1.505}^{***}\) \((0.540)\) | \({4.009}^{**}\) \((1.786)\) | \(0.021\) \((0.014)\) | \({0.075}^{***}\) \((0.027)\) |
Age of primary male (years) | \({-15.652}^{***}\) \((4.453)\) | \({-10.348}^{**}\) \((5.209)\) | \(-0.019\) \((0.102)\) | \(0.040\) \((0.109)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.002)\) | \(0.002\) \((0.002)\) |
Age of primary female (years) | \({19.924}^{***}\) \((4.526)\) | \({18.718}^{***}\) \((5.106)\) | \({0.274}^{**}\) \((0.115)\) | \({0.259}^{**}\) \((0.118)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.003)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.002)\) |
Primary male is literate (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(-18.290\) \((88.494)\) | \(-46.439\) \((93.603)\) | \(1.856\) \((1.914)\) | \(1.538\) \((1.941)\) | \(-0.001\) \((0.054)\) | \(-0.013\) \((0.033)\) |
Primary female is literate (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(-68.978\) \((86.743)\) | \({-216.914}^{**}\) \((108.478)\) | \({5.182}^{**}\) \((2.205)\) | \(3.507\) \((2.532)\) | \(0.067\) \((0.053)\) | \(0.033\) \((0.035)\) |
Household Size | \({-162.924}^{***}\) \((18.380)\) | \({-136.462}^{***}\) \((20.856)\) | \({-1.176}^{***}\) \((0.444)\) | \({-0.876}^{*}\) \((0.465)\) | \(-0.014\) \((0.011)\) | \(-0.007\) \((0.007)\) |
Proportion of male household members | \(-486.224\) \((401.663)\) | \(-538.011\) \((457.180)\) | \({13.878}^{***}\) \((5.393)\) | \({13.292}^{**}\) \((5.339)\) | \(0.096\) \((0.206)\) | \(0.082\) \((0.154)\) |
Proportion of female household members | \(-328.264\) \((412.385)\) | \(-354.561\) \((466.953)\) | \({12.797}^{**}\) \((5.540)\) | \({12.499}^{**}\) \((5.309)\) | \(0.084\) \((0.210)\) | \(0.062\) \((0.152)\) |
Proportion of adult (15–65 years old) | \(\begin{array}{c}{1159.832}^{**}\\ (555.425)\end{array}\) | \({1136.868}^{*}\) \((636.979)\) | \({29.683}^{***}\) \((8.788)\) | \({29.423}^{***}\) \((8.598)\) | \(0.172\) \((0.238)\) | \(0.149\) \((0.161)\) |
Proportion of dependent (< 15 and > 65 years old) household members | \({1501.063}^{***}\) \((559.998)\) | \({1457.101}^{**}\) \((646.879)\) | \({30.444}^{***}\) \((9.098)\) | \({29.947}^{***}\) \((8.932)\) | \(0.271\) \((0.257)\) | \(0.236\) \((0.171)\) |
Landholding size (in hectare) | \({197.106}^{*}\) \((102.670)\) | \({108.683}^{*}\) \((60.365)\) | \(0.599\) \((2.668)\) | \(-0.401\) \((2.695)\) | \({0.126}^{*}\) \((0.067)\) | \({0.109}^{***}\) \((0.38)\) |
Market distance (walking minutes) | \(-0.102\) \((1.348)\) | \(-1.019\) \((1.467)\) | \(0.031\) \((0.025)\) | \(0.020\) \((0.027)\) | \(-0.001\) \((0.002)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.001)\) |
Number of staple food crops produced | \({137.090}^{***}\) \((39.616)\) | \({128.952}^{***}\) \((40.739)\) | \(0.391\) \((0.721)\) | \(0.298\) \((0.732)\) | \(0.015\) \((0.018)\) | \(0.012\) \((0.010)\) |
Value of food crop production (2021) | \({441.521}^{***}\) \((96.085)\) | \({369.509}^{***}\) \((105.399)\) | \({5.772}^{***}\) \((1.976)\) | \({4.957}^{**}\) \((2.127)\) | \({0.126}^{**}\) \((0.053)\) | \({0.109}^{***}\) \((0.033)\) |
Tropical livestock units | \(36.141\) \((26.260)\) | \(-1.583\) \((27.358)\) | \(-0.769\) \((0.482)\) | \({-1.196}^{**}\) \((0.495)\) | \(-0.006\) \((0.012)\) | \({-0.016}^{*}\) \((0.010)\) |
Number of cows owned by households | \({108.033}^{**}\) \((45.552)\) | \({86.601}^{*}\) \((47.958)\) | \({5.268}^{***}\) \((1.012)\) | \({5.025}^{***}\) \((1.046)\) | \({0.064}^{***}\) \((0.024)\) | \({0.061}^{***}\) \((0.015)\) |
Household participates in off-farm activities (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({376.519}^{***}\) \((98.193)\) | \({293.534}^{***}\) \((108.271)\) | \({8.999}^{***}\) \((2.282)\) | \({8.060}^{***}\) \((2.438)\) | \({0.089}^{*}\) \((0.052)\) | \({0.070}^{**}\) \((0.033)\) |
Location dummies: Household is from | ||||||
Holo’o Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({769.086}^{***}\) \((250.607)\) | \({545.405}^{**}\) \((274.820)\) | \({-15.773}^{***}\) \((4.305)\) | \({-18.305}^{***}\) \((4.625)\) | \(-0.048\) \((0.112)\) | \({-0.094}^{*}\) \((0.056)\) |
Shama Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(130.208\) \((130.953)\) | \(140.233\) \((144.349)\) | \(3.828\) \((3.066)\) | \(3.941\) \((2.962)\) | \(0.095\) \((0.085)\) | \({0.097}^{**}\) \((0.047)\) |
Doko Masho Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({582.448}^{***} (180.588)\) | \({376.057}^{*}\) \((196.036)\) | \(-0.779\) \((3.309)\) | \(-3.116\) \((3.792)\) | \(-0.013\) \((0.099)\) | \(-0.055\) \((0.062)\) |
Zardo Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({509.879}^{***} (152.138)\) | \({569.805}^{***}\) \((176.866)\) | \({-15.916}^{***}\) \((3.825)\) | \({-15.238}^{***}\) \((3.672)\) | \(-0.022\) \((0.088)\) | \(-0.006\) \((0.046)\) |
Losha Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({-812.508}^{***}\) \((181.577)\) | \({-1058.965}^{***}\) \((212.556)\) | \({10.971}^{**}\) \((4.441)\) | \(8.181\) \((5.006)\) | \(0.064\) \((0.111)\) | \(0.012\) \((0.065)\) |
Dele Weyza Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(182.017\) \((168.147)\) | \({347.887}^{*}\) \((198.628)\) | \(-2.116\) \(( 3.702)\) | \(-0.238\) \((4.108)\) | \(0.046\) \((0.112)\) | \(0.085\) \((0.078)\) |
Gale Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({871.171}^{***}\) \((135.316)\) | \({1106.810}^{***}\) \((159.411)\) | \(0.332\) \((2.493)\) | \(2.999\) \((3.096)\) | \(0.108\) \((0.079)\) | \({0.168}^{***}\) \((0.055)\) |
Fango Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({307.571}^{**}\) \((150.264)\) | \({515.555}^{***}\) \((187.921)\) | \(-2.633\) \((2.575)\) | \(-0.278\) \((3.123)\) | \(0.079\) \((0.090)\) | \({0.132}^{**}\) \((0.054)\) |
Constant | \({-3031.27}^{***}\) \((1071.426)\) | \({-3223.277}^{***}\) \((1152.508)\) | \({-77.939}^{***}\) \((19.217)\) | \({-80.113}^{***}\) \((18.838)\) | \(-0.110\) \((0.583)\) | \(-0.146\) \((0.372)\) |
F(25, 359) | \(49.76\) | Â | \(27.93\) | Â | Â | Â |
Wald chi2 [25] | Â | \(1103.24\) | Â | \(701.02\) | Â | Â |
LR Chi sq. [25] | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(222.38\) | Â |
\({R}^{2}\) | \(0.78\) | \(0.73\) | \(0.66\) | \(0.64\) | Â | Â |
Pseudo \({R}^{2}\) | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(0.13\) | Â |
Model diagnostics | ||||||
Hansen J. p, Ho: instruments valid | Â | \(0.316\) | Â | \(0.078\) | Â | \(0.357\) |
Under ID test p, Ho: underidentified (Kleibergen–Paap rk LM test) |  | \(0.000\) |  | \(0.000\) |  |  |
Weak ID test, p (Kleibergen–Paap rk Wald F test) |  | \(0.000\) |  | \(0.000\) |  |  |
Anderson–Rubin test: Ho: endogenous variable is irrelevant | ||||||
 A–R Wald F test, p value |  | \(0.000\) |  | \(0.014\) |  |  |
 A–R Wald Chi2 test, p value |  | \(0.000\) |  | \(0.009\) |  |  |
Endogeneity test, p, Ho: exogenous (Durbin–Wu-Hausman chi-sq test) |  | \(0.004\) |  | \(0.115\) |  |  |