Variable | Per adult equivalent calorie availability | Household Food Consumption Score | Household Dietary Diversity Score | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OLS (1) | 2SLS (2) | OLS (3) | 2SLS (4) | Poisson (5) | IVPoisson (6) | |
5DE Empowerment score of woman | \({1161.663}^{***}\) \((288.792)\) | \({1163.933}^{***}\) \((492.233)\) | \({14.465}^{***}\) \((5.437)\) | \({32.615}^{***}\) \((10.561)\) | \({0.322}^{***}\) \((0.091)\) | \({0.489}^{***}\) \((0.161)\) |
Age of primary male (years) | \({-14.972}^{***}\) \((4.283)\) | \({-13.647}^{***}\) \((4.188)\) | \(-0.024\) \((0.100)\) | \(0.021\) \((0.092)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.001)\) | \(0.011\) \((0.012)\) |
Age of primary female (years) | \({18.511}^{***}\) \((4.392)\) | \({17.551}^{***}\) \((4.363)\) | \({0.260}^{**}\) \((0.112)\) | \({0.233}^{**}\) \((0.111)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.001)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.001)\) |
Primary male is literate (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(-37.994\) \((92.152)\) | \(-53.360\) \((90.549)\) | \(1.681\) \((1.962)\) | \(1.213\) \((1.971)\) | \(-0.006\) \((0.032)\) | \(-0.010\) \((0.032)\) |
Primary female is literate (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(-36.191\) \((88.613)\) | \(-46.452\) \((89.031)\) | \({5.943}^{***}\) \((2.152)\) | \({5.631}^{***}\) \((2.134)\) | \({0.073}^{**}\) \((0.030)\) | \({0.069}^{**}\) \((0.033)\) |
Household Size | \({-153.323}^{***}\) \((18.481)\) | \({-143.506}^{***}\) \((19.549)\) | \({-1.120}^{**}\) \((0.450)\) | \({-0.825}^{*}\) \((0.462)\) | \({-0.011}^{*}\) \((0.006)\) | \(-0.012\) \((0.011)\) |
Proportion of male household members | \(-598.181\) \((415.552)\) | \(-665.561\) \((421.357)\) | \({12.613}^{**}\) \((5.561)\) | \({10.572}^{*}\) \((5.651)\) | \(0.072\) \((0.122)\) | \(0.062\) \((0.123)\) |
Proportion of female household members | \(-381.913\) \((417.632)\) | \(-414.474\) \(( 421.250)\) | \({12.192}^{**}\) \((5.733)\) | \({11.210}^{**}\) \((5.701)\) | \(0.082\) \((0.122)\) | \(0.070\) \((0.119)\) |
Proportion of adult (15–65 years old) | \(\begin{array}{c}{1227.731}^{**}\\ (511.912)\end{array}\) | \({1258.593}^{**}\) \((495.989)\) | \({30.585}^{***}\) \((8.792)\) | \({31.521}^{***}\) \((8.554)\) | \({0.214}^{*}\) \((0.122)\) | \({0.212}^{*}\) \((0.121)\) |
Proportion of dependent (< 15 and > 65 years old) household members | \({1579.87}^{***}\) \((517.65)\) | \({1612.51}^{***}\) \((503.283)\) | \({31.531}^{***}\) \((9.112)\) | \({32.523}^{***}\) \((8.889)\) | \({0.313}^{**}\) \((0.131)\) | \({0.322}^{**}\) \((0.133)\) |
Landholding size (in hectare) | \({180.272}^{**}\) \((88.740)\) | \({155.317}^{**}\) \((73.890)\) | \(0.601\) \((2.672)\) | \(-0.151\) \((2.642)\) | \({0.124}^{***}\) \((0.032)\) | \({0.113}^{***}\) \((0.042)\) |
Market distance (walking minutes) | \(-0.126\) \((1.271)\) | \(0.076\) \((1.201)\) | \(0.032\) \((0.021)\) | \(0.027\) \((0.023)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.001)\) | \(0.001\) \((0.010)\) |
Number of staple food crops produced | \({141.175}^{***}\) \((39.68)\) | \({141.789}^{***}\) \((38.649)\) | \(0.462\) \((0.700)\) | \(0.483\) \((0.695)\) | \({0.022}^{*}\) \((0.012)\) | \({0.024}^{*}\) \((0.013)\) |
Value of food crop production (2021) | \({373.185}^{***}\) \((95.439)\) | \({324.633}^{***}\) \((100.155)\) | \({5.092}^{**}\) \((2.064)\) | \({3.625}^{**}\) \((1.091)\) | \({0.112}^{***}\) \((0.030)\) | \({0.095}^{***}\) \((0.036)\) |
Tropical life units | \({49.830}^{*}\) \((27.589)\) | \({49.968}^{*}\) \((26.989)\) | \(-0.511\) \((0.482)\) | \(-0.502\) \((0.482)\) | \(0.003\) \((0.006)\) | \(-0.003\) \((0.006)\) |
Number of cows owned by households | \({106.964}^{**}\) \((46.994)\) | \({102.470}^{**}\) \((46.168)\) | \({5.311}^{***}\) \((1.020)\) | \({5.115}^{***}\) \((1.001)\) | \({0.062}^{***}\) \((0.011)\) | \({0.063}^{***}\) \((0.011)\) |
Household participates in off-farm activities (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({340.501}^{***}\) \((102.236)\) | \({306.631}^{***}\) \((99.619)\) | \({8.751}^{***}\) \((2.261)\) | \({7.722}^{***}\) \((2.273)\) | \({0.082}^{***}\) \((0.031)\) | \({0.071}^{**}\) \((0.033)\) |
Location dummies: household is from | ||||||
Holo’o Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({686.946}^{***}\) \((246.423)\) | \({603.374}^{**}\) \((243.808)\) | \({-16.265}^{***}\) \((4.334)\) | \({-18.792}^{***}\) \((4.592)\) | \(-0.072\) \((0.051)\) | \({-0.092}^{*}\) \((0.049)\) |
Shama Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(165.522\) \((129.537)\) | \(185.614\) \((128.821)\) | \(4.242\) \((3.051)\) | \({4.854}^{*}\) \((2.873)\) | \({0.113}^{***}\) \((0.040)\) | \({0.113}^{***}\) \((0.039)\) |
Doko Masho Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({654.038}^{***} (172.935)\) | \({653.085}^{***}\) \((163.338)\) | \(0.601\) \((3.142)\) | \(0.567\) \((3.075)\) | \(0.012\) \((0.051)\) | \(0.011\) \((0.051)\) |
Zardo Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({502.946}^{***} (145.496)\) | \({510.383}^{***}\) \((141.923)\) | \({-16.151}^{***}\) \((3.892)\) | \({-15.922}^{***}\) \((3.811)\) | \(-0.023\) \((0.041)\) | \(-0.020\) \((0.049)\) |
Losha Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({-723.618}^{***}\) \((180.046)\) | \({-722.999}^{***}\) \((173.504)\) | \({12.662}^{***}\) \((4.294)\) | \({12.680}^{***}\) \((4.162)\) | \(0.092\) \((0.050)\) | \({0.103}^{*}\) \((0.062)\) |
Dele Weyza Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(199.120\) \((160.553)\) | \(238.455\) \((154.076)\) | \(-2.292\) \((3.755)\) | \(-1.112\) \((3.911)\) | \(0.052\) \((0.071)\) | \(0.072\) \((0.073)\) |
Gale Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \({790.781}^{***}\) \((133.488)\) | \({792.565}^{***}\) \((130.355)\) | \(-1.233\) \((2.384)\) | \(-1.174\) \((2.392)\) | \({0.089}^{**}\) \((0.044)\) | \({0.092}^{**}\) \((0.045)\) |
Fango Kebele (= 1, 0 otherwise) | \(214.181\) \((145.052)\) | \(204.163\) \((140.345)\) | \(-4.292\) \((2.573)\) | \(-4.595\) \((2.492)\) | \(0.061\) \((0.042)\) | \(0.066\) \((0.045)\) |
Constant | \({-2440.875}^{**}\) \((1024.132)\) | \({-2294.052}^{**}\) \((1015.351)\) | \({-74.731}^{***}\) \((19.626)\) | \(-72.341\) \((19.642)\) | \(-0.091\) \((0.343)\) | \(-0.092\) \((0.343)\) |
F(25, 359) | \(52.60\) | Â | \(36.21\) | Â | Â | Â |
Wald chi2 [25] | Â | \(1390.45\) | Â | \(937.28\) | Â | Â |
LR Chi sq. [25] | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(224.46\) | Â |
\({R}^{2}\) | \(0.78\) | \(0.79\) | \(0.66\) | \(0.65\) | Â | Â |
Pseudo \({R}^{2}\) | Â | Â | Â | Â | \(0.13\) | Â |
Model diagnostics | ||||||
Hansen J. p, Ho: instruments valid | Â | \(0.242\) | Â | \(0.539\) | Â | \(0.811\) |
Under ID test p, Ho: underidentified (Kleibergen–Paap rk LM test) |  | \(0.000\) |  | \(0.000\) |  |  |
Weak ID test, p (Kleibergen–Paap rk Wald F test) |  | \(0.000\) |  | \(0.000\) |  |  |
Anderson–Rubin test: Ho: endogenous variable is irrelevant | ||||||
 A–R Wald F test, p value |  | \(0.001\) |  | \(0.014\) |  |  |
 A–R Wald Chi2 test, p value |  | \(0.000\) |  | \(0.009\) |  |  |
Endogeneity test, p, Ho: exogenous (Durbin–Wu–Hausman chi-sq test) |  | \(0.153\) |  | \(0.039\) |  |  |