Can women’s empowerment in livestock farming improve household food security? Empirical evidence from rural households in Malawi

Table 6 Marginal effects of women’s empowerment on household food security

Variable	M₁	M₂	M₃
WELI score	1.8663^a (0.4737)	0.0453^b (0.0146)	2.0090^a (0.5112)
Education of household head	0.0043 (0.1342)	0.0001 (0.0032)	0.0046 (0.1445)
Age of household head	− 0.0039 (0.0061)	− 0.0001 (0.0001)	− 0.0042 (0.0065)
Household size	0.1013^b (0.0477)	0.0025^b (0.0012)	0.1090^b (0.0514)
Marital status	0.0986 (0.2124)	0.0024 (0.0052)	0.1061 (0.2286)
Monthly income	0.01103^b (0.0050)	0.0003^b (0.0001)	0.0119^b (0.0054)
Government food security interventions	− 0.1843 (0.2298)	− 0.0044 (0.0056)	− 0.1984 (0.2474)
Livestock farming	− 0.3858^c (0.2055)	− 0.0088^c (0.0056)	− -0.4144^c (0.2221)
Formal employment	2.5761^b (0.8341)	0.0072 (0.0064)	2.6465^b (0.8603)
Piecework	− 0.9863^a (0.3044)	− 0.0351^b (0.0178)	− 1.0860^b (0.3469)
Trading	− 0.6809^c (0.3862)	− 0.0193 (0.0160)	− 0.7396^b (0.4296)

M₁ (Means of marginal effect on the unconditional expected value of HDDS), M₂ (marginal effects of the probability of being uncensored) and M₃ (marginal effects of the censored expected value).
^a, ^b, ^c imply statistical significance at 1%, 5% and 10%, respectively. Standard errors are in parenthesis.

ISSN: 2048-7010