Can women’s empowerment in livestock farming improve household food security? Empirical evidence from rural households in Malawi

Table 4 Comparing HDDS, WELI and other model variables

Variable	Mean Food insecure	Mean Food secure	Mean difference	t-statistic
HDDS	2.4407 (0.6013)	5.5291 (1.6434)	− 3.088^a	− 23.7671
WELI score	0.3158 (0.1735)	0.3843 (0.1893)	− 0.0685^a	− 3.7285
Age of household head	47.5537 (16.5814)	44.1479 (14.6611)	3.406^b	2.1771
Monthly income	12.1401 (13.2389)	19.4933 (21.2399)	− 7.353^a	− 4.0262
Household size	5.1017 (1.9131)	5.3767 (1.9082)	− 0.275	− 1.4299

^a, ^b imply statistical significance at 1% and 5% respectively. Standard errors are in parenthesis

ISSN: 2048-7010