Table 1 Description and summary statistics of variables used in this study
Variable | Description/measurement | Mean | S. D | Freq | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dependent variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Inoculant adoption (L) | Equals 1 for adopters, 0 otherwise | – | – | 86 | 0.43 |
Intensity of adoption (y) | Expenditure per hectare on inoculants in Ghana cedi | 19.87 | 24.91 | – | – |
Farmer/household factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Sex (SEX) | 1 if male, 0 otherwise | – | – | 124 | 62.0 |
Age (AGE) | Age of farmer in years | 38.13 | 10.63 | – | – |
Educational status (EDUC) | 1 if formally educated, 0 otherwise | – | – | 29 | 14.5 |
Household size (HHS) | Number of household members | 12.68 | 6.118 | – | – |
Herd ownership (HERD) | Equals 1 if yes, 0 otherwise | – | – | 97 | 48.5 |
Farm-level characteristics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Degree of specialization (DSP) | Proportion of land allocated to soybean | 0.383 | 0.240 | – | – |
Soil fertility status (SF) | Equals 1 if fertile, 0 otherwise | – | – | 58 | 29.0 |
Input variables | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Cost of ploughing (PCOST) | Cost of tractor ploughing in Ghana cedi | 107.6 | 55.60 | – | – |
Fertilizer dummy (FERT) | 1 for fertilizer adoption, 0 otherwise | – | – | 109 | 54.5 |
Pesticide and herbicide (PEST) | Quantity of pesticides and herbicides in litres | 1.675 | 0.789 | – | – |
Institutional factors | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Off-farm employment (OFW) | Equals 1 for participants, 0 otherwise | – | – | 60 | 30.0 |
Extension visits (EXT) | Equals 1 if farmer was visited, 0 otherwise | – | – | 101 | 50.5 |
Farmer group member (FBO) | Equals 1 if member, 0 otherwise | – | – | 69 | 34.5 |
Access to credit (CRE) | 1 for access, 0 otherwise | – | – | 40 | 20 |
Distance to market (DIST) | Distance to market in kilometres | 2.916 | 1.386 | – | – |