Table 2 Factors associated with individual knowledge towards GM crops
From: Assessing knowledge and willingness to use genetically modified crops in Uganda
Variable | N (%) | Knowledge about GM crops | P value | UPRR (95% CI) | P value | PRR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (%) | High (%) | |||||||
Household head | ||||||||
 Yes | 176 (64.5) | 121 (64.0) | 55 (65.5) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 97 (35.5) | 68 (36.0) | 29 (34.5) | 0.817 | 0.96 (0.66–1.39) | 0.818 |  |  |
Relationship with household head (N = 242) | ||||||||
 Wife/husband | 64 (66.7) | 45 (67.2) | 19 (65.5) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Daughter/son | 24 (25.0) | 15 (22.4) | 9 (31.0) |  | 1.26 (0.66–2.40) | 0.476 |  |  |
 Mother/father | 8 (8.3) | 7 (10.5) | 1 (3.5) | 0.406 | 0.42 (0.64–2.76) | 0.368 |  |  |
Respondent age (N = 698) | ||||||||
 ≤ 24 | 37 (13.6) | 27 (14.3) | 10 (11.9) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 25–34 | 91 (33.3) | 61 (32.3) | 30 (35.7) |  | 1.22 (0.67–2.24) | 0.521 | 2.51 (1.01–6.21) | 0.047 |
 35–44 | 68 (24.9) | 41 (21.7) | 27 (32.1) |  | 1.47 (0.80–2.69) | 0.214 | 2.65 (1.13–6.22) | 0.025 |
 ≥ 45 | 77 (28.2) | 60 (31.8) | 17 (20.2) | 0.126 | 0.82 (0.42–1.61) | 0.558 | 1.69 (0.62–4.60) | 0.303 |
Education level | ||||||||
 No education | 16 (5.9) | 9 (4.8) | 7 (8.3) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Primary | 76 (27.8) | 59 (31.2) | 17 (20.2) |  | 0.51 (0.25–1.03) | 0.059 |  |  |
 Secondary | 118 (43.2) | 81 (42.9) | 37 (44.0) |  | 0.72 (0.39–1.33) | 0.290 |  |  |
 Tertiary | 63 (23.1) | 40 (21.2) | 23 (27.4) | 0.189 | 0.83 (0.44–1.59) | 0.583 |  |  |
Attending school | ||||||||
 Yes | 26 (9.5) | 17 (9.0) | 9 (10.7) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 No | 247 (90.5) | 172 (91.0) | 75 (89.3) | 0.655 | 0.88 (0.50–1.54) | 0.648 | 0.47 (0.24–0.91) | 0.025 |
Marital status | ||||||||
 Single | 56 (20.8) | 39 (21.0) | 17 (20.5) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Married | 187 (69.5) | 131 (70.4) | 56 (67.5) |  | 0.99 (0.63–1.55) | 0.953 |  |  |
 Divorced/separated | 15 (5.6) | 9 (4.8) | 6 (7.2) |  | 1.32 (0.63–2.75) | 0.463 |  |  |
 Widow/widower | 11 (4.1) | 7 (3.8) | 4 (4.8) | 0.844 | 1.20 (0.50–2.88) | 0.687 |  |  |
Occupation | ||||||||
 Farmer | 72 (26.4) | 57 (30.2) | 15 (17.9) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Salaried employment | 36 (13.2) | 22 (11.6) | 14 (16.7) |  | 1.87 (1.01–3.43) | 0.045 | 1.67 (0.73–3.81) | 0.225 |
 Petty trader | 80 (29.3) | 57 (30.2) | 23 (27.4) |  | 1.38 (0.78–2.44) | 0.267 | 1.22 (0.59–2.51) | 0.597 |
 Casual laborer | 20 (7.3) | 11 (5.8) | 9 (10.7) |  | 2.16 (1.11–4.19) | 0.023 | 2.08 (0.85–5.12) | 0.110 |
 Domestic activities | 32 (11.7) | 25 (13.2) | 7 (8.3) |  | 1.05 (0.47–2.33) | 0.904 | 1.35 (0.50–3.65) | 0.549 |
 Others | 33 (12.1) | 17 (9.0) | 16 (19.1) | 0.028 | 2.33 (1.31–4.13) | 0.004 | 2.32 (1.15–4.70) | 0.019 |
Money earned per day | ||||||||
 < 5000/ =  | 65 (23.8) | 44 (23.3) | 21 (25.0) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 > 5,000/ =  | 182 (66.7) | 126 (66.7) | 56 (66.7) |  | 0.95 (0.63–1.44) | 0.818 |  |  |
 Nothing | 26 (9.5) | 19 (10.1) | 7 (8.3) | 0.881 | 0.83 (0.40–1.72) | 0.622 |  |  |
Religion | ||||||||
 Catholic | 83 (30.4) | 56 (29.6) | 27 (32.1) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Protestant | 93 (34.1) | 66 (34.9) | 27 (32.1) |  | 0.89 (0.57–1.39) | 0.616 |  |  |
 Muslim | 53 (19.4) | 39 (20.6) | 14 (16.7) |  | 0.81 (0.47–1.40) | 0.455 |  |  |
 Others | 44 (16.1) | 28 (14.8) | 16 (19.1) | 0.712 | 1.12 (0.68–1.84) | 0.662 |  |  |
Residence (N = 698) | ||||||||
 Rural | 122 (44.7) | 94 (49.7) | 28 (33.3) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Urban | 151 (55.3) | 95 (50.3) | 56 (66.7) | 0.012 | 1.62 (1.10–2.38) | 0.015 | 1.09 (0.68–1.76) | 0.722 |
Source of agricultural information (N = 698) | ||||||||
 Radio | 91 (33.3) | 65 (34.4) | 26 (31.0) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Television | 71 (26.0) | 47 (24.9) | 24 (28.6) |  | 1.18 (0.75–1.88) | 0.474 |  |  |
 Farmers association | 27 (9.9) | 16 (8.5) | 11 (13.1) |  | 1.43 (0.81–2.50) | 0.214 |  |  |
 None | 17 (6.2) | 14 (24.9) | 3 (3.6) |  | 0.62 (0.21–1.82) | 0.381 |  |  |
 Others | 67 (24.5) | 47 (24.9) | 20 (23.8) | 0.529 | 1.04 (0.64–1.71) | 0.861 |  |  |
Practice any agriculture (N = 698) | ||||||||
 Yes | 188 (68.9) | 135 (71.4) | 53 (63.1) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 85 (31.1) | 54 (28.6) | 31 (36.9) | 0.170 | 1.29 (0.90–1.86) | 0.164 |  |  |
Crops grown (N = 485) | ||||||||
 Banana | 52 (27.8) | 35 (26.1) | 17 (32.1) |  | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 Maize | 56 (30.0) | 44 (32.8) | 12 (22.6) |  | 0.66 (0.35–1.24) | 0.194 | 0.85 (0.45–1.60) | 0.606 |
 Cassava | 45 (24.1) | 32 (23.9) | 13 (24.5) |  | 0.88 (0.48–1.62) | 0.688 | 0.96 (0.51–1.78) | 0.887 |
 Others | 34 (18.2) | 23 (17.2) | 11 (20.8) | 0.556 | 0.99 (0.53–1.85) | 0.974 | 1.07 (0.55–2.09) | 0.840 |
Crops sold | ||||||||
 Banana | 132 (70.6) | 93 (69.4) | 39 (73.6) |  | 1 |  |  |  |
 Maize | 39 (20.9) | 32 (23.9) | 7 (13.2) |  | 0.61 (0.29–1.25) | 0.177 |  |  |
 Cassava | 10 (5.4) | 7 (5.2) | 3 (5.7) |  | 1.02 (0.38–2.71) | 0.976 |  |  |
 Others | 6 (3.2) | 2 (1.5) | 4 (7.6) | 0.089 | 2.26 (1.21–4.22) | 0.011 |  |  |