Table 4 Food security and coping strategy use and change over time
From: Cash for assets during acute food insecurity: an observational study in South Sudan
Cohort A/B | Control | Cohort C | Change P-value | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Endline | Change | (95% CI) | Baseline | Endline | Change | (95% CI) | Baseline | Endline | Change | (95% CI) | All 3 groups | A + B vs Control | ||||
Household food expenditures (past month) | |||||||||||||||||
Median | 3000 | 10,000 | 7000 | – | 2550 | 10,000 | 7450 | – | 7000 | 20,000 | 13,000 | – | – | – | |||
Mean | 5540 | 13,602 | 8062 | (7269, 8854) | 5408 | 14,318 | 8910 | (7721,10,098) | 8731 | 18,171 | 9440 | (8051,10,829) | 0.178 | 0.244 | |||
% of total expenditures (avg) | 32.6% | 44.9% | 12.2% | (10.0,14.5%) | 34.8 | 47.4 | 12.6 | (9.1,16.2%) | 59.9% | 48.4% | − 11.5% | (− 16.4,− 6.6%) | < 0.001 | 0.851 | |||
Meal frequency (preceding day) | |||||||||||||||||
Median | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | – | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.0 | – | 1.0 | 2.0 | 1.0 | – | – | – | |||
Mean | 1.8 | 1.7 | − 0.1 | (− 0.1,0.0) | 1.7 | 1.7 | 0.0 | (− 0.1,0.0) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 0.1 | (− 0.04,0.1) | 0.020 | 0.113 | |||
% consuming 1 or fewer | 26.4% | 35.1% | 8.7% | (5.3,12.1%) | 32.6% | 38.7% | 6.0 | (0.8,11.2%) | 54.0% | 49.7% | − 4.3% | (− 11.7,3.1%) | 0.003 | 0.295 | |||
Dietary diversity (preceding day) | |||||||||||||||||
Median | 4.0 | 4.0 | 0.0 | – | 3.0 | 4.0 | 1.0 | – | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | – | – | – | |||
Mean | 4.1 | 4.3 | 0.2 | (0.0, 0.4) | 3.7 | 4.3 | 0.6 | (0.4,0.8) | 2.8 | 3.6 | 0.8 | (0.5,1.0) | < 0.001 | 0.005 | |||
Adequate dietary diversity | 35.9% | 42.8% | 6.9% | (3.2,10.6%) | 31.8% | 44.8% | 13.1% | (7.8,18.4%) | 11.7% | 28.0% | 16.3% | (10.4,22.3%) | 0.001 | 0.060 | |||
(5 + food groups) | Adjusted change1 = 5.2% (2.1,8.4) | Adjusted change1 = 10.3% (5.3,15.3) | Adjusted change1 = 11.0% (5.1,16.9) | 0.002 | 0.078 | ||||||||||||
Household hunger scale (HHS) | |||||||||||||||||
Median | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | – | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | – | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.0 | – | – | – | |||
Mean | 2.1 | 2.4 | 0.2 | (0.1,0.3) | 2.4 | 2.4 | 0.1 | (− 0.1,0.2) | 2.9 | 2.5 | -0.3 | (− 0.5,− 0.1) | < 0.001 | 0.074 | |||
HHS categories (%) 2 | |||||||||||||||||
Little to no hunger | 33.1% | 22.7% | − 10.4% | (− 13.8,− 7.0%) | 26.8% | 22.0% | − 4.8% | (− 9.4,− 0.2%) | 12.0% | 18.7% | 6.7% | (1.1,12.2%) | < 0.001 | 0.095 | |||
Moderate hunger | 54.8% | 63.0% | 8.2% | (4.3,12.0%) | 60.5% | 61.5% | 1.0% | (− 4.3,6.4%) | 65.3% | 67.0% | 1.7% | (− 5.9,9.2%) | 0.074 | 0.036 | |||
Severe hunger | 12.1% | 14.3% | 2.2% | (− 0.4,4.9%) | 12.7% | 16.5% | 3.8% | (− 0.1, 7.7%) | 22.7% | 14.3% | -8.3% | (− 14.4,− 2.2%) | 0.002 | 0.579 | |||
Adjusted change1 = 2.0% (− 0.6,4.5) | Adjusted change1 = 3.4% (− 0.3,7.2) | Adjusted change1 = -6.9% (− 12.7,− 1.0) | 0.002 | 0.529 | |||||||||||||
Livelihood-based coping strategies (LCS) (past 3 months) | |||||||||||||||||
Median LCS index score 3 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 2.0 | – | 3.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | – | 6.0 | 6.0 | 0.0 | – | – | – | |||
Mean LCS index score 3 | 4.3 | 5.6 | 1.3 | (0.9,1.6) | 4.2 | 6.0 | 1.8 | (1.3,2.3) | 6.1 | 6.0 | − 0.1 | (− 0.7,0.4) | < 0.001 | 0.104 | |||
Coping strategy adoption (%) 4 | |||||||||||||||||
Any coping strategy adopted | 75.8% | 94.2% | 18.4% | (15.7, 21.1%) | 70.6% | 95.7% | 25.1% | (21.0, 29.2%) | 90.3% | 94.7% | 4.3% | (0.2,8.5%) | < 0.001 | 0.030 | |||
Any stress coping | 56.1% | 74.4% | 18.3% | (14.7, 21.9%) | 51.0% | 73.7% | 22.7% | (17.5, 27.9%) | 73.7% | 68.7% | − 5.0% | (− 12.2,2.2%) | < 0.001 | 0.256 | |||
Any crisis coping | 47.9% | 75.5% | 27.6% | (23.9, 31.3%) | 43.8% | 78.2% | 34.4% | (29.0, 39.7%) | 78.0% | 84.7% | 6.7% | (0.4,12.9%) | < 0.001 | 0.048 | |||
Any emergency coping | 26.9% | 28.5% | 1.6% | (− 1.8, 5.1%) | 28.0% | 29.9% | 1.9% | (− 3.2, 7.0%) | 33.3% | 26.3% | − 7.0% | (− 14.0,0.0%) | < 0.001 | 0.951 | |||
Adjusted change1 = 1.2% (− 1.7, 4.1%) | Adjusted change1 = 1.7% (− 2.6, 6.1) | Adjusted change1 =− 5.7% (− 11.6,0.2) | 0.081 | 0.869 | |||||||||||||