Table 5 Multivariate Tobit estimation of factors of adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices

Gender (1 = male; 0 = female)

− 0.033

− 0.009

− 0.103^*

0.059

− 0.029

− 0.001

(0.041)

(0.037)

(0.062)

(0.044)

(0.063)

(0.050)

Age (years)

0.001

− 0.002^**

− 0.001

0.000

− 0.002

− 0.002

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.001)

Education (years)

− 0.000

0.001

0.002

0.000

− 0.008^***

− 0.004^**

(0.002)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Household Size

0.008^***

− 0.004*

0.008^*

0.001

0.003

0.015^***

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.005)

(0.003)

(0.005)

(0.004)

Number of years resident in village

− 0.001

0.002**

− 0.001

0.001

0.002^**

− 0.000

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

Farming experience (years)

− 0.000

0.001

0.003^**

− 0.001

0.000

− 0.000

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.001)

Own land (yes = 1; no = 0)

− 0.007

0.026

− 0.032

0.010

0.071

0.071^**

(0.029)

(0.025)

(0.044)

(0.032)

(0.045)

(0.036)

Land rent (yes = 1; no = 0)

− 0.034

− 0.035

− 0.039

0.022

− 0.003

0.071^*

(0.032)

(0.027)

(0.049)

(0.035)

(0.049)

(0.040)

Farm size (ha)

− 0.001

(0.000)

0.000

(0.000)

− 0.001

(0.001)

0.001

(0.001)

− 0.001

0.001^**

(0.001)

(0.001)

Total cost of household asset (log)

0.006

0.012^***

− 0.018^**

0.024^***

0.023^***

− 0.013^*

(0.005)

(0.005)

(0.008)

(0.006)

(0.008)

(0.007)

Log of cost of hired labour (000 NGN)

0.015^**

(0.007)

0.004

(0.006)

0.006

(0.012)

− 0.004

(0.008)

0.014

(0.012)

0.002

(0.009)

Total livestock unit (TLU)

0.001

− 0.000

0.000

0.000

0.001

0.000

(0.000)

(0.000)

(0.001)

(0.000)

(0.001)

(0.001)

Received loan (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.057^***

0.014

− 0.032

− 0.038^*

0.011

0.054^**

(0.018)

(0.015)

(0.027)

(0.019)

(0.027)

(0.022)

Training in Improved production practices (yes = 1; no = 0)

− 0.001

(0.031)

0.077^***

(0.025)

0.029

(0.047)

0.024

(0.033)

0.000

(0.048)

0.069^*

(0.038)

Member of input supply and farm cooperatives (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.019

(0.020)

− 0.004

(0.017)

0.123^***

(0.031)

0.031

(0.022)

− 0.117^***

(0.031)

0.047^*

(0.025)

Received advice on improved varieties (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.012

(0.020)

− 0.034^**

(0.016)

0.007

(0.030)

− 0.012

(0.021)

0.003

(0.030)

0.031

(0.024)

Awareness and access to improved maize varieties (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.577^***

(0.026)

0.023

(0.021)

0.003

(0.040)

0.031

(0.028)

0.046

(0.040)

0.045

(0.032)

Willingness to take risk (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.080^***

0.012

− 0.080^**

0.034

0.040

− 0.136^***

(0.022)

(0.018)

(0.033)

(0.023)

(0.033)

(0.027)

North-West (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.242^***

0.122^***

0.060

− 0.056^*

− 0.188^***

0.543^***

(0.028)

(0.025)

(0.043)

(0.030)

(0.043)

(0.034)

South-South (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.093

− 0.192^*

0.184^**

− 0.624^***

− 0.045

− 0.084

(0.057)

(0.099)

(0.086)

(0.062)

(0.088)

(0.070)

South-East (yes = 1; no = 0)

0.262^***

− 0.290^***

0.110

− 0.321^***

0.231^**

0.543^***

(0.065)

(0.057)

(0.098)

(0.069)

(0.099)

(0.080)

North-Central (yes = 1; no = 0)

− 0.028

0.041^*

− 0.092^**

0.022

− 0.035

0.249^***

(0.026)

(0.023)

(0.039)

(0.028)

(0.039)

(0.031)

North-East (yes = 1; no = 0)

− 0.097^**

− 0.002

− 0.244^***

− 0.079^*

− 0.151^***

0.087^*

(0.038)

(0.033)

(0.057)

(0.041)

(0.058)

(0.047)

Constant

− 0.292^***

0.668^***

0.782^***

0.518^***

0.111

0.174

(0.107)

(0.091)

(0.163)

(0.116)

(0.165)

(0.131)

lnsig_1

− 1.146^***

(0.019)

lnsig_2

− 1.454^***

(0.021)

lnsig_3

− 0.734^***

(0.019)

lnsig_4

− 1.084^***

(0.019)

lnsig_5

− 0.731^***

(0.019)

lnsig_6

− 0.944^***(0.019)

Number of observations

1370

LR chi²(138)

1740.62^***

Log-likelihood = 

− 3279.20

Prob > chi²

0.000