Socioeconomic factors of global food loss

Table 3 Associations between socioeconomic factors and food loss based on countries’ level of income

	All(1)	Low-income(2)	Middle- and high-income(3)
GNI per capita (log)	− 0.733**	− 0.349	− 0.371
	(0.210)	(0.260)	(0.504)
Agriculture share of GDP	0.055***	0.047***	0.157***
	(0.004)	(0.004)	(0.025)
Employment in agriculture	− 0.025**	− 0.023*	− 0.003
	(0.009)	(0.008)	(0.040)
Years of education	0.167*	0.121*	0.367*
	(0.079)	(0.052)	(0.115)
Access to electricity in rural area	− 0.016	− 0.013	− 0.010
	(0.017)	(0.022)	(0.021)
Mobile cellular subscription	0.008	0.011***	0.004
	(0.005)	(2.040e-4)	(0.014)
Political stability	− 0.504	0.345	− 0.749
	(0.838)	(0.314)	(2.108)
Export volume index	− 3.157e-4***	− 2.960e-4**	0.001
	(6.503e-5)	(8.779e-5)	(0.003)
World region fixed effects included	Yes	Yes	Yes
Time fixed effects included	Yes	Yes	Yes
Number of observations	10100	6907	3193
Standard errors by:	World region	World region	World region

Coefficient estimates of fixed effects models are shown with standard errors in parentheses. ***, **, * are significant at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.

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