Fig. 3

Distributions of different socioeconomic variables: GNI per capita a, agriculture shares of GDP b, employment in agriculture c, education d, access to electricity in rural area, mobile cellular subscriptions f, political stability & absence of violence g, and export volume index h. The map is the authors’ illustration based on data from FAO [21], GDL [23], UNDP [51], UNESCO [52], and World Bank [60]. The Figure only shows data for countries included in this study