Table 1 Household and farm-level characteristics of participants
Variable (n = 1565) | Mean | Standard deviation |
Age | 38.8 | 12.98 |
Household Size | 15.06 | 8.69 |
Farm Size (in acres) | 5.81 | 5.91 |
Duration in Farming (in years) | 16.61 | 13.44 |
Variable | Options | Frequency | Percentage % |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender | Female | 617 | 39.42 |
Male | 948 | 60.58 | |
Age | 15–24 | 121 | 7.73 |
25–40 | 891 | 56.93 | |
41–60 | 440 | 28.12 | |
60 +  | 113 | 7.22 | |
Level of education | No education | 1080 | 69.01 |
Basic education (incomplete) | 243 | 15.53 | |
Basic education (complete) | 106 | 6.77 | |
High school | 104 | 6.65 | |
Certificates/vocational | 12 | 0.77 | |
Higher education | 20 | 1.28 | |
Farm Ownership | Community lands | 148 | 9.45 |
Family Land | 386 | 24.65 | |
Family property (Livestock) | 310 | 19.80 | |
Own private land | 311 | 19.86 | |
Own private (livestock) | 402 | 25.67 | |
Rented land | 3 | 0.19 | |
Caretaking for someone (Livestock) | 4 | 0.26 | |
Others | 1 | 0.13 | |
Farming system | Livestock only | 2 | 0.13 |
Mixed cropping (more than one crop) | 575 | 36.74 | |
Mixed farming (both crop and livestock/fishing) | 905 | 57.83 | |
Monocropping (just one crop) | 83 | 5.30 | |
Farming model | Only feeding the family (subsistence) | 474 | 30.29 |
Only For sale (commercial) | 14 | 0.89 | |
Part for family and part for sales (Semi-commercial) | 1077 | 68.82 | |
Income In GHC (GHC means Ghana Cedis. USD 1 = GHC5.9 at the time of the research, June-July 2021.) |  > GHC 1000 | 1090 | 69.65 |
GHC 1001–2000 | 248 | 15.85 | |
GHC 2001–3000 | 108 | 6.90 | |
GHC 3001–4000 | 62 | 3.96 | |
GHC 4001–5000 | 30 | 1.92 | |
GHC 5001–6000 | 11 | 0.70 | |
GHC 6001–7000 | 5 | 0.32 | |
GHC 7001–8000 | 5 | 0.32 | |
GHC 8001–9000 | 2 | 0.13 | |
GHC 9001–10,000 | 0 | 0 | |
GHC 10,000 +  | 4 | 0.26 | |
Business status | Fulltime | 1085 | 69.33 |
Part-time | 480 | 30.67 | |
Membership of association | No | 511 | 32.65 |
Yes | 1054 | 67.35 | |
Access to extension | No | 479 | 30.61 |
Yes | 1086 | 69.39 |