Table 9 Identified challenges from primary studies

Poor infrastructure

Unreliable electricity supply

Network connectivity problem

[27, 28, 31, 38, 43,44,45]

Low capacity

Low illiteracy rate

Lack of ICT knowhow

Poverty

[27, 28, 31, 38, 43,44,45]

Poor ICT policies

Lack of appropriate ICT policies

Poor monitoring of ICT projects

Poor funding of ICT initiatives

[27, 28, 31, 38, 43,44,45]

Inefficiencies in agriculture institutions

Weak network between agriculture institutions

Poor incentives to motivate stakeholders

[31, 45]