Table 4 Indicators influencing farmers’ perception toward the effectiveness of agricultural extension PEA training in Zambia
Explanatory variables | Odds ratio | z | p > z | 95% confidence interval | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Socioeconomic indicators | |||||
Household head age (years) | 0.998 | − 0.12 | 0.905 | 0.958 | 1.038 |
Gender | 0.222** | − 2.54 | 0.011 | 0.069 | 0.710 |
Household head education (years) | 1.070 | 1.00 | 0.315 | 0.938 | 1.219 |
Household size (number) | 1.383** | 2.10 | 0.036 | 1.021 | 1.872 |
Access to credit (Bank accounts) | 5.215** | 2.09 | 0.037 | 1.107 | 24.553 |
Total land size (Ha) | 1.012 | 0.12 | 0.901 | 0.843 | 1.213 |
Annual agricultural income ($) | 1.000 | 0.08 | 0.934 | 0.999 | 1.000 |
Total livestock (No) | 1.000 | 0.00 | 0.997 | 0.997 | 1.002 |
Multiple communication indicators | |||||
Owning of cell phones (No/HH) | 0.572 | − 1.04 | 0.300 | 0.198 | 1.646 |
Owning of radios (No/HH) | 0.587 | − 1.02 | 0.306 | 0.211 | 1.627 |
Owning of televisions (No/HH) | 0.234** | − 2.25 | 0.024 | 0.066 | 0.827 |
Frequency of meetings with officer | 0.290* | − 1.71 | 0.087 | 0.070 | 1.195 |
Frequency of famer demand for services | 2.194* | 1.75 | 0.081 | 0.908 | 5.298 |
Perceived returns indicators | |||||
Perceived impact on productivity | 2.417** | 2.13 | 0.033 | 1.073 | 5.442 |
Perceived impact on adoption rate | 2.323** | 2.20 | 0.028 | 1.096 | 4.920 |
Perceived impact on food safety and nutrition | 2.391** | 2.14 | 0.033 | 1.075 | 5.316 |
Observations (n = 120) | Pseudo R2 = 0.256 | ||||
LR Chi2 (16) = 49.39 | |||||
Prob > Chi2 = 0.000 | |||||