Table 4 Determinants of crop–livestock diversification and its impact on food security
Variable | OLS model | Tobit model | |
|---|---|---|---|
Coefficient | Coefficients | Marginal effects | |
Household-specific | |||
Sex of household head | 0.272 (0.057)*** | 0.389 (0.267) | 0.272 (0.057) |
Marital status of household head | 0.074 (0.098) | ||
Age of household head | − 0.003 (0.001)** | − 0.015 (0.004)*** | − 0.003 (0.001)** |
Socioeconomic | |||
Occupation of household head | 0.359 (0.250) | − 0.511 (0.704) | − 0.359 (250) |
Irrigation | 0.017 (0.154) | ||
Farm size | 0.008 (0.003)** | 0.206 (0.037)** | 0.008 (0.003) |
land ownership | 0.021 (0.007)** | 0.357 (0.415) | 0.021 (0.007) |
Institutional factors | |||
Credit access | 0.159 (0.081)* | 0.276 (0.211) | 0.057 (0.081) |
Extension service | 0.094 (0.044)** | 0.345 (0.126)** | 0.094 (0.044)** |
Farmer groups | 0.065 (0.046) | 0.025 (0.121) | 0.065 (0.046) |
Off-farm employment | 0.095 (0.044)** | 0.587 (0.021)*** | 0.095 (0.046)** |
Crop diversity index | 0.168 (0.070)** | ||
Livestock diversity index | 0.069 (0.182) | ||
Crop–livestock diversity index | 1.162 (0.514)** | ||
Constant | 1.933 (0.538)*** | 8.380 (1.552)*** | |
sig_1 | 0.291 (0.019)*** | ||
Sig_2 | 0.649 (0.072)*** | ||
rho_12 | 0.371 (0.198)** | ||
R-squared = 0.435 | |||