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Table 6 Matching quality tests

From: Food security effects of smallholders’ participation in apple and mango value chains in north-western Ethiopia

Fruit type

Test for

Before matching

After matching

Nearest neighbor matching (NNM)

Kernel-based matching (KBM)

Apple producers

Pseudo-R2

0.285

0.03

0.023

LR χ2 (p-value)

78.63

5.50

4.64

Standardized bias (mean)

20.18

4.3

3.6

Mango producers

Pseudo-R2

0.268

0.04

0.07

LR χ2 (p-value)

80.57

5.23

4.38

Standardized bias (mean)

18.45

4.25

4.07

  1. Source: own survey data (2019/2020)