Food security effects of smallholders’ participation in apple and mango value chains in north-western Ethiopia

Table 5 Results of the logistic regression model

Variables	Apple producers (n = 161)			Mango producers (n = 223)
Variables	Coefficient	Std. Err	Z-value	Coefficient	Std. Err	Z-value
Sex of the household head	− 0.567	0.512	− 1.11	0.0408	0.423	0.10
Age of the household	0.0367	0.0194	1.89	− 0.00768	0.0145	− 0.53
Educational level	0.144**	0.0657	2.97	0.124**	0.0631	2.50
Working labor force	0.310*	0.155	1.99	0.231*	0.150	1.78
Fruit farming experience	0.0814	0.0560	1.45	0.0786**	0.0283	2.77
Per capita income	− 0.0132	0.0287	− 0.46	0.0182	0.0194	0.94
Disease and insect pests	− 0.319**	0.429	− 2.74	− 0.898**	0.346	− 2.59
Livestock size	− 0.0407	0.0901	− 0.45	0.0597	0.0429	1.39
Access to price information	1.427***	0.410	3.48	0.997**	0.378	2.64
Extension contacts	0.0342	0.0294	1.16	− 0.0434	0.0301	− 1.44
Distance to the nearest market	− 0.00298	0.0140	− 0.21	− 0.0184	0.0110	− 1.67
Constant	− 3.960**	1.358	− 1.36	0.323	1.168	0.28
Number of observations	161			223
Pseudo-R²	0.18			0.16
Likelihood ratio (LR) χ² (12)	62.35			80.84
Prob χ²	0.000			0.000
Log likelihood	− 80.346			− 109.979

^*, **, *** represent statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively
Source: own survey data (2019/2020)

ISSN: 2048-7010