Table 3 Description and summary statistics of the surveyed respondents
Variable | Apple producers (n = 161) | Mango producers (n = 223) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Participants (78) | Non-participants (83) | t-test (χ2 test) | Participants (133) | Non-participants (90) | t-test (χ2 test) | |
Outcome variable | ||||||
Household food intake (kcal) | 2868.32 | 2079.79 | − 788.53** | 4096.31 | 2870.42 | − 1225.89** |
Household characteristics | ||||||
Sex of the household head; male (1 = male; 0 = female) | 39.80 | 39.10 | 0.91 | 52.00 | 29.10 | 7.89*** |
Average age of the head (years) | 48.80 | 50.50 | − 4.49*** | 46.00 | 47.00 | − 0.89 |
Average educational level of the head (years of schooling) | 4.46 | 1.25 | 3.21*** | 4.18 | 0.70 | − 3.48*** |
Average working labor (man equivalent) | 4.53 | 3.41 | − 1.12*** | 3.56 | 3.77 | 0.21 |
Fruit farming experience (years) | 9.10 | 7.10 | − 4.67*** | 13.00 | 6.30 | − 6.89*** |
Per capita income (ETB) | 36858.17 | 30221.20 | − 6636.97 | 59,837.48 | 42,416.09 | − 17421.39* |
Farm characteristics | ||||||
Incidence of disease and insects; yes (1 = yes; 0 = no) | 9.90 | 24.20 | 12.53*** | 12.60 | 28.30 | 53.24*** |
Average livestock size (TLU) | 4.90 | 5.98 | 3.04** | 6.20 | 5.70 | − 0.72 |
Institutional support variables | ||||||
Access to price information; yes (1 = yes; 0 = no) | 36.00 | 16.10 | 29.84*** | 42.20 | 7.20 | 60.09*** |
Average frequency of extension contacts per year (no. of days) | 10.90 | 3.70 | − 6.64*** | 6.00 | 2.50 | − 4.06*** |
Transaction costs variable | ||||||
Average distance to the nearest market (minutes of walking) | 37.60 | 41.50 | 3.99* | 33.10 | 46.20 | 13.14*** |