Table 3 Consequences of food insecurity in the villages of Dehgolan Township
From: Food security assessment in rural areas: evidence from Iran
Components | Variables | ID code |
|---|---|---|
Physical-skeletal | Agricultural land use changes | C1 |
Horticultural land use changes | C2 | |
The weakening of the agricultural sector and the prosperity of service activities in the village | C3 | |
Economic | Expansion of land and stock exchange transactions | C4 |
Increases in land, housing, and rental prices | C5 | |
Increasing the price of services | C6 | |
Increased inflation and rental income | C7 | |
Increasing income gap between rural and urban areas | C8 | |
Social-cultural | Expansion of rural–urban migrations | C9 |
Reduction of social capital in rural areas | C10 | |
Reduction of participatory and group activities in the village | C11 | |
Satisfaction with the quality of educational, social and cultural services | C12 | |
Satisfaction with the quality of health services | C13 | |
Satisfaction with the quality of the living environment and welfare services | C14 | |
Satisfaction with the quality of facilities and infrastructure | C15 | |
Satisfaction with the quality and quantity of services of rural financial institutions | C16 | |
Environmental | Sustainability of water resources (improper operation, irrigation at inappropriate times | C17 |
Sustainability of soil and air resources (limited use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, burning of crop residues) | C18 | |
Disruption of the natural ecosystem (burning of trees, hunting of birds, non-compliance with the number of livestock and pastures, pressure on natural resources and loss of ecological potential of resources) | C19 | |
Declining groundwater resources | C20 | |
Drying of rivers, springs, and wells due to over-exploitation | C21 | |
Drilling unlicensed wells | C22 | |
Pressure on water resources and the occurrence of hazards (ground subsidence, landslides, erosion, etc.) | C23 |