Table 4 The levels of aflatoxin B1 and total in betel nuts samples in different countries
Country | Toxins | Sample no. | Positive samples (%) | Maximum (μg/kg) | Range (μg/kg) | Average | Year of survey | Authors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
India | AFB1 | 278 | 100 | 262.0 | 11.7–262.0 | 92.5 | 2010–2011 | Asghar et al. [23] |
Indonesian | 80.4 | 39.2 | 3.3–39.2 | 11.6 | ||||
Sri-Lankan | 73.5 | 103.4 | 6.5–103.4 | 35.0 | ||||
Thailand | 30.2 | 77.0 | 3.3–77.0 | 6.6 | ||||
Bangladesh | AFs | NR | NR | NR | NR | 30.6 | 2009 | Roy et al. [24] |
South Africa | AFs | NR | NR | 26.2 | 3.5–26.2 | NR | 1996 | Van der Bijl et al. [25] |
India | AFB1 | 32 | 40 | 208 | 18–208 | 94 | 1991 | Raisuddin and Misra [26] |