Diversity amongst farm households and achievements from multi-stakeholder innovation platform approach: lessons from Balaka Malawi

Makate, Clifton; Mango, Nelson

doi:10.1186/s40066-017-0115-7

Agriculture & Food Security

Table 2 Distribution of the eleven components extracted from principal components analysis including the factor loadings of the 30 variables and the cumulative proportion of the explained variance plus eigen values

From: Diversity amongst farm households and achievements from multi-stakeholder innovation platform approach: lessons from Balaka Malawi

Variable	Components
Variable	Comp1	Comp2	Comp3	Comp4	Comp5	Comp6	Comp7	Comp8	Comp9	Comp10	Comp11
Household characteristics
Household head is female	0.0175	−0.0523	−0.5742	0.0193	0.0336	0.016	0.0718	−0.0025	−0.0145	0.1265	−0.1083
Age of household head	0.0424	0.014	0.0341	0.6177	0.0196	0.0102	0.0834	0.0402	−0.0509	−0.0283	−0.0037
Education attained at least primary	−0.04	−0.0902	0.202	−0.0344	−0.0511	0.0361	−0.0056	−0.0894	−0.0446	0.0043	0.5846
Married	0.0397	0.179	0.4356	−0.0933	0.0547	−0.136	−0.0174	−0.0102	0.2031	0.0003	0.0718
Main occupation is farming	−0.0934	0.1368	−0.1359	0.1058	−0.1392	−0.0043	0.5641	−0.02	0.0172	0.0699	0.1692
Land size	0.0584	0.0224	−0.0249	0.0688	0.1344	−0.0244	0.0411	0.6367	0.007	0.0513	0.002
Household size	−0.0527	0.542	0.1222	0.023	−0.048	−0.0514	0.0459	−0.0598	0.0517	−0.044	0.0087
Labour	−0.0006	0.5538	0.0373	0.1595	−0.0381	−0.0229	−0.1297	−0.0284	−0.0805	−0.0353	−0.0535
Farming experience	0.0126	0.0596	−0.0534	0.6241	0.0009	0.0168	−0.0588	0.0409	0.0544	0.0494	0.0023
Credit access	0.0502	0.0496	0.0191	−0.1964	0.0401	0.5081	0.008	0.0548	−0.0711	0.2511	0.0948
Extension access	0.0166	0.065	−0.2334	0.0309	0.1286	0.147	−0.1279	−0.269	0.2835	−0.0199	0.0214
Group membership	0.1252	−0.0813	−0.0109	0.0701	−0.0883	−0.0029	−0.0464	−0.0858	0.3819	−0.0034	0.3542
Received farmer training services	0.1087	0.0898	0.0961	−0.0642	0.1196	0.0422	0.1008	−0.2615	0.1307	0.5064	−0.2115
Low-wealth category	0.139	−0.0737	0.0088	0.0308	−0.0489	0.2292	0.3455	−0.1202	−0.2657	−0.269	−0.1179
High-wealth category	−0.0256	0.1499	−0.0698	0.0697	−0.0787	0.0663	−0.5971	−0.0452	−0.148	0.0731	0.0956
Achievements and benefits from IP activities
Improved market information	0.269	−0.1151	0.2994	0.0098	−0.2094	0.1483	−0.038	0.1972	−0.2278	0.1318	−0.0124
Improved market access	0.558	−0.0301	0.0112	0.019	0.0037	−0.0511	0.0222	−0.0137	−0.0428	−0.0197	0.0339
Improved income	0.4631	0.0161	−0.0513	−0.01	0.02	0.0827	−0.1071	0.0808	0.1389	−0.0728	−0.0108
Improved conservation agriculture adoption	0.5068	0.0304	−0.0177	0.0637	−0.0112	−0.0632	0.0055	−0.0535	0.0371	0.0494	−0.06
Improved soil fertility	0.1731	0.1012	−0.0776	−0.0057	0.1656	−0.1027	0.1308	−0.4478	−0.2695	0.1345	0.1406
Improved crop yield	0.0279	−0.0011	0.0689	−0.0149	−0.0232	−0.0088	0.2012	0.0919	0.5861	0.029	−0.0442
IP_savings eased credit access	−0.0509	−0.0317	−0.0172	0.0941	−0.044	0.6402	−0.0504	−0.0273	0.0337	−0.1623	0.0397
Negotiation with banks eased credit access	0.0025	0.223	−0.0468	−0.0915	0.0046	−0.1116	0.175	0.2712	−0.2236	0.1403	0.1094
Improved trust eased credit	−0.0513	−0.1105	−0.0866	0.0609	−0.1024	−0.064	−0.0743	0.1037	−0.0517	0.6476	0.0916
Number of markets increased	−0.1159	−0.0384	0.3939	0.1709	0.2175	0.2666	0.1364	−0.048	0.0066	0.1846	−0.1391
Food produced 2012/2013 season was enough	−0.06	0.0471	0.0668	0.0231	0.4937	0.034	−0.0094	−0.0575	−0.1321	0.0087	−0.0162
Food produced 2013/2014 season was enough	0.0922	−0.073	0.0198	−0.0076	0.4662	−0.1585	0.0232	0.0538	−0.1294	−0.1431	0.3058
Improved overall food security	−0.0118	−0.0652	−0.046	0.0072	0.5444	0.0384	−0.0755	0.1253	0.129	0.0088	−0.1234
Farmer built a house	−0.0127	0.1301	−0.1833	0.0274	0.108	0.1664	0.0638	0.1072	0.0601	0.0616	0.4761
Farmer was able to send children to school	0.1122	0.4071	−0.1482	−0.257	0.0398	0.1957	0.0437	0.1807	0.0425	−0.0639	−0.0577
Eigen values	2.677	2.401	2.002	1.944	1.920	1.856	1.716	1.656	1.616	1.446	1.400
Cumulative proportion of explained variance (%)	8.92%	16.93%	23.60%	30.08%	36.48%	42.66%	48.38%	53.91%	59.29%	64.11%	68.77%

Comp component. Factor loadings 0.4 and higher are marked in italic font

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ISSN: 2048-7010

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