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Table 1 Variables used in the models and their hypothesized effects on the use of CSP
| Variables | Description of variable | Hypothesized effect |
|---|---|---|
| useCSP | If the farmer plants/uses CSP (1 = yes, 0 = otherwise) | Dependent variable |
| age | Respondent’s age measured in years | ± |
| gender | Gender of the farmer (1 = male; 0 = otherwise) | ± |
| occupation | Occupation of the farmer (1 = full time, 0 = otherwise) | |
| education | number of years of formal schooling | |
| hhdsize | Number of household members | – |
| distagric | Distance to the nearest agricultural office in walking minutes | – |
| distkisima | Distance from the residence of the farmer to Kisima Farm in kilometers | – |
| credit | If the farmer had access to credit (1 = yes; 0 = otherwise) | ± |
| land | Size of land (hectares) the farmer had before adopting CSP | ± |
| asset | Value of physical assets in USD | + |
| phone | If the farmer owns a mobile phone (1 = yes; 0 = otherwise) | ± |
| memgrp | If the farmer is a member of a farmer organization (1 = yes; 0 = otherwise) | + |
| ε | The stochastic term | |
| Measures of the effect of use of CSP (outcome variables) | ||
| fungicide | Value of purchased fungicide (USD/ha) | – |
| insecticide | Value of purchased insecticide (USD/ha) | – |
| yield | Potato yield (kg/ha) | + |
| fertilizer | Value of purchased fertilizer (USD/ha) | ± |
| foodsec | HFIAP score | – |
