Is agricultural digitization a reality among smallholder farmers in Africa? Unpacking farmers' lived realities of engagement with digital tools and services in rural Northern Ghana

Table 7 Chi-square for farmers use of phones

Variable (n = 1565)	χ²	p	Cramers V
Gender	6.670	0.010**	0.066
Age	21.323	< 0.001**	0.118
Duration in Farming	16.857	< 0.001**	0.105
Householdsize	20.812	< 0.001**	0.117
Farm Size	43.576	< 0.001**	0.169
Level of education	15.779	0.008**	0.102
Farming system	163.237	0.001**	0.327
Commercial status	0.613	0.736	0.02
Income	56.101	0.001**	0.191
Business status	0.003	0.954	0.001
Membership of association	107.303	< 0.001**	0.265
Access to extension/Vert services	139.530	< 0.001**	0.302

χ² tests indicate differences are statistically significant at 95% when p < 0.05
Use of Phone: In the last farming season did you use your phone to engage in farm related activity? (1) Yes (2) No
*p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01

ISSN: 2048-7010