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Table 4 Chi-square for farmers retention and activeness

From: Is agricultural digitization a reality among smallholder farmers in Africa? Unpacking farmers' lived realities of engagement with digital tools and services in rural Northern Ghana

Variable (n = 1099)

χ2

p

Cramers V

Gender

0.761

0.383

0.026

Age

3.448

0.328

0.056

Duration in Farming

0.338

0.845

0.18

Householdsize

4.854

0.183

0.066

Farm Size

1.086

0.896

0.031

Level of education

8.492

0.131

0.088

Farming system

22.948

 < 0.001**

0.145

Commercial status

0.779

0.678

0.027

Income

22.384

0.02**

0.143

Business status

0.052

0.820

0.007

Membership of association

2.069

0.150

0.043

Access to extension/Vert services

1.147

0.284

0.032

Phone ownership

0.001

0.980

0.001

  1. χ2 tests indicate differences are statistically significant at 95% when p < 0.05
  2. Retention measured with the question: If yes to prior participation, do you currently actively participate in the service? (1) Yes (2) No.
  3. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01