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Table 3 Chi-square for farmers participation in digital services

From: Is agricultural digitization a reality among smallholder farmers in Africa? Unpacking farmers' lived realities of engagement with digital tools and services in rural Northern Ghana

Variable (n = 1565)

χ2

P

Cramers V

Gender

8.837

0.003**

0.075

Age

28.514

 < 0.001**

0.097

Duration in Farming

32.531

 < 0.001**

0.135

Householdsize

32.531

 < 0.001**

0.111

Farm Size

72.779

 < 0.001**

0.216

Level of education

20.617

 < 0.001**

0.115

Farming system

365.501

 < 0.001**

0.483

Commercial status

33.556

 < 0.001**

0.146

Income

80.013

 < 0.001**

0.226

Business status

5.228

0.026**

5.228

Membership of association

554.977

 < 0.001**

0.595

Access to extension/Vert services

442.488

 < 0.001**

0.532

Phone ownership

0.929

0.335

0.024

  1. χ2 tests indicate differences are statistically significant at 95% when p < 0.05
  2. Participation in digital services measured with the question: has your farm participated in any program related to digital technologies in the last 5 years or currently use any service? (1) Yes (2) No
  3. *p < 0.1; **p < 0.05; ***p < 0.01