Table 4 Granger causality test result between rural and urban garlic markets.
From: Analysis of rural–urban vegetable market dynamics in Central Gondar Zone, Ethiopia
Market pairs | Lag length | Causality \(F = \frac{{\left( {{\text{RSS}}_{{\text{R}}} - {\text{RSS}}_{{{\text{UR}}}} } \right)/m}}{{{\text{RSS}}_{{{\text{UR}}}} /\left( {n - k} \right)}}\) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gondar causes Maksegnit | 1 | 0.9882 | 0.3242 |
Maksegnit causes Gondar | 1 | 4.7785** | 0.0327 |
Gondar causes Koladiba | 1 | 0.08374 | 0.7733 |
Koladiba causes Gondar | 1 | 6.6896** | 0.0121 |