Climate variability, agricultural technologies adoption, and productivity in rural Nigeria: a plot-level analysis

Amankwah, Akuffo

doi:10.1186/s40066-023-00411-x

Agriculture & Food Security

Table 6 Determinants of intensity of adoption – ordered probit model

From: Climate variability, agricultural technologies adoption, and productivity in rural Nigeria: a plot-level analysis

Variable	Pooled ordered probit							Random effects ordered probit
	Coef	Std error	Marginal effects					Random effects ordered probit
	Coef	Std error	Prob (D = 0 \| X)	Prob (D = 1 \| X)	Prob (D = 2 \| X)	Prob (D = 3 \| X)	Prob (D = 4 \| X)	Coef	Std error
Log (CV rainfall)	0.260	0.222	− 0.097	0.021	0.059	0.017	0.0002	0.203	0.390
Log (CV temperature)	0.869***	0.126	− 0.323***	0.070***	0.196***	0.056***	0.0007***	1.075***	0.222
Rainfall shortfall	− 0.021***	0.006	0.008***	− 0.002***	-0.005***	− 0.001***	0.0000**	− 0.018*	0.011
Log (CV GDD)	− 0.256***	0.049	0.095***	− 0.021***	− 0.058***	− 0.017***	− 0.0002***	− 0.371***	0.089
Log (CV days temp)	− 0.280***	0.045	0.104***	− 0.022***	− 0.063***	− 0.018***	− 0.0002***	− 0.487***	0.081
Household size	− 0.005	0.005	0.002	0.000	− 0.001	0.000	0.0000	− 0.003	0.008
Dependency	− 0.003	0.015	0.001	0.000	− 0.001	0.000	0.0000	0.001	0.028
Gender	0.033	0.047	− 0.012	0.003	0.007	0.002	0.0000	− 0.012	0.077
Age	0.002*	0.001	− 0.001*	0.000*	0.000*	0.000*	0.0000	0.003	0.002
Education	0.006	0.004	− 0.002	0.000	0.001	0.000	0.0000	0.011	0.007
Off farm	0.187***	0.033	− 0.069***	0.014***	0.042***	0.012***	0.0002***	0.256***	0.062
Wage work	0.105**	0.050	− 0.038**	0.007***	0.024**	0.007**	0.0001	0.187**	0.088
Credit	− 0.021	0.047	0.008	− 0.002	− 0.005	− 0.001	0.0000	− 0.046	0.089
Remittance	0.081	0.124	− 0.030	0.005	0.019	0.006	0.0001	0.121	0.225
Extension	0.057	0.041	− 0.021	0.004	0.013	0.004	0.0001	0.101	0.074
Plot size	0.192***	0.027	− 0.071***	0.015***	0.043***	0.012***	0.0002***	0.276***	0.031
Owned land	0.086	0.082	− 0.032	0.008	0.019	0.005	0.0001	0.127	0.082
Erosion	− 0.083	0.192	0.031	− 0.008	− 0.018	− 0.005	− 0.0001	− 0.095	0.210
Steep slope	− 0.021	0.066	0.008	− 0.002	− 0.005	− 0.001	0.0000	− 0.029	0.079
Irrigation	− 0.392**	0.168	0.152**	− 0.056*	− 0.079***	− 0.018***	− 0.0002**	− 0.539**	0.225
Fertilizer price	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.0000	0.000	0.000
Distance	− 0.002***	0.000	0.001***	0.000***	0.000***	0.000***	0.0000***	− 0.002***	0.001
Nutrient constraint	0.128***	0.028	− 0.048***	0.010***	0.029***	0.008***	0.0001***	0.174***	0.049
NDVI	− 4.976***	0.531	1.848***	− 0.399***	− 1.123***	− 0.322***	− 0.0043***	− 7.633***	0.966
Distance to household	− 0.014*	0.008	0.005**	− 0.001*	− 0.003*	− 0.001*	0.0000	− 0.020*	0.013
Wealth index	0.183***	0.028	− 0.068***	0.015***	0.041***	0.012***	0.0002***	0.235***	0.051
Agric capital index	0.024	0.016	− 0.009	0.002	0.005	0.002	0.0000	0.048	0.030
TLU	0.020***	0.005	− 0.008***	0.002***	0.005***	0.001***	0.0000**	0.028***	0.009
North Central	0.340**	0.159	− 0.121**	0.014***	0.079**	0.027*	0.000	0.519**	0.251
North East	0.853***	0.168	− 0.283***	0.004	0.195***	0.082***	0.002*	1.274***	0.272
North West	1.233***	0.180	− 0.373***	− 0.046*	0.265***	0.149***	0.005**	1.752***	0.297
South East	0.851***	0.164	− 0.268***	− 0.024	0.195***	0.094***	0.002*	0.991***	0.257
South West	0.499***	0.168		0.001	0.118***	0.047**	0.001	0.593**	0.265
Log likelihood		− 5825.19						− 5479.23
Wald [χ2 (39)]		2546.51***	− 0.167***					1130.60***
Joint significance of mean of plot-varying covariates [χ2 (6)]		53.45***						53.74***
\({\alpha }_{1}\)	− 3.14	0.481						− 3.756	0.840
\({\alpha }_{2}\)	− 1.970	0.480						− 2.087	0.838
\({\alpha }_{3}\)	− 0.863	0.479						− 0.541	0.839
\({\alpha }_{4}\)	0.742	0.487						1.710	0.852

*, ** and *** indicate statistical significance at 10%, 5% and 1%, respectively

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ISSN: 2048-7010

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