Climate variability, agricultural technologies adoption, and productivity in rural Nigeria: a plot-level analysis

Amankwah, Akuffo

doi:10.1186/s40066-023-00411-x

Agriculture & Food Security

Table 4 Determinants of SAPs adoption—multivariate probit model

From: Climate variability, agricultural technologies adoption, and productivity in rural Nigeria: a plot-level analysis

Variable	Improved seeds		Inorganic fertilizer		Organic fertilizer		Legume intercropping
Variable	Coefficient	Std dev	Coefficient	Std dev	Coefficient	Std dev	Coefficient	Std dev
Log (CV rainfall)	− 0.732**	0.335	0.186	0.259	0.624**	0.311	− 0.388	0.333
Log (CV temperature)	0.355	0.228	1.423***	0.158	0.742***	0.199	− 0.324	0.198
Rainfall shortfall	− 0.029***	0.008	0.008	0.007	− 0.003	0.008	− 0.036***	0.009
Log (CV of GDD)	0.004	0.082	− 0.469***	0.061	− 0.198***	0.064	0.014	0.066
Log (CV days temp)	0.352***	0.063	− 0.089	0.057	− 0.516***	0.067	− 0.430***	0.068
Household size	− 0.002	0.008	− 0.001	0.006	− 0.009	0.006	− 0.001	0.007
Dependency	0.036*	0.020	− 0.013	0.017	0.015	0.019	− 0.029	0.021
Gender	− 0.116	0.071	0.061	0.058	0.189***	0.068	− 0.250***	0.074
Age	− 0.001	0.002	0.002	0.001	0.002	0.002	0.002	0.002
Education	0.011*	0.006	0.015***	0.005	− 0.008	0.005	− 0.005	0.005
Off farm	0.206***	0.054	0.129***	0.040	0.125***	0.045	0.037	0.046
Wage work	0.247***	0.077	0.112*	0.059	− 0.142*	0.075	0.152**	0.069
Credit	− 0.141*	0.082	− 0.081	0.059	0.156**	0.063	0.042	0.072
Remittance	0.375**	0.151	− 0.092	0.154	− 0.075	0.175	− 0.071	0.209
Extension	0.201***	0.064	0.165***	0.048	− 0.065	0.054	− 0.062	0.055
Plot size	0.025	0.046	0.104***	0.033	0.080**	0.039	0.312***	0.038
Owned land	0.075	0.127	− 0.040	0.098	0.069	0.114	0.206*	0.114
Erosion	− 0.058	0.324	− 0.091	0.233	− 0.029	0.287	− 0.104	0.260
Steep slope	0.093	0.122	− 0.020	0.082	− 0.039	0.093	− 0.092	0.089
Irrigation	− 0.120	0.258	0.252	0.198	− 0.346	0.215	− 0.988***	0.222
Fertilizer price	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	− 0.001**	0.000	− 0.000	0.000
Distance	0.002***	0.001	− 0.003***	0.000	− 0.003***	0.000	− 0.000	0.000
Nutrient constraint	0.251***	0.042	− 0.016	0.033	0.055	0.038	0.105**	0.042
NDVI	1.305*	0.671	− 6.233***	0.675	− 3.188***	0.745	− 2.425**	0.965
Distance to household	0.001	0.026	-0.007	0.013	− 0.013	0.016	− 0.024**	0.012
Wealth index	0.163***	0.040	0.194***	0.034	0.151***	0.038	0.000	0.040
Agric capital index	− 0.105***	0.029	0.024	0.020	0.111***	0.021	− 0.036	0.022
TLU	0.015**	0.006	0.010*	0.005	0.032***	0.006	0.000	0.006
North Central	− 0.114	0.236	0.645***	0.227	− 0.068	0.303	0.861***	0.324
North East	0.921***	0.269	1.166***	0.237	0.043	0.315	0.936***	0.330
North West	1.120***	0.290	1.479***	0.248	0.391	0.322	1.034***	0.341
South East	− 0.022	0.226	1.085***	0.234	0.881***	0.284	0.385	0.349
South West	0.656***	0.217	− 0.373	0.255	0.349	0.293	0.254	0.369
Constant	− 1.351	0.823	3.667***	0.600	1.106	0.748	− 1.514**	0.756
Joint significance of mean of plot-varying covariates [χ2 (24)]					76.48***
Sample size					5,616
Wald (156)					4083.32***

* , **, and *** indicate statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively

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