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Table 6 Market vendors in Tonga, Fiji, and Samoa who reported increased postharvest loss due to COVID-19 verses those who did not experience elevated loss

From: Farmer and market vendor perceptions of COVID-19 impacts on horticultural fresh food systems in Tonga, Fiji, and Samoa

Vendor characteristics

Tonga

Fiji

Samoa

Increased postharvest loss (%)

No change (%)

Increased postharvest loss (%)

No change (%)

Increased postharvest loss (%)

No change (%)

Vendor type

 Municipal market

80.0

20.0

72.2

25.5

76.9

26.1

 Road-side vendor (all types) a

62.7

37.3

0a

0a

34.3

65.7

 Temporary vendor stalls

    

26.3

73.7

 Permanent vendor stalls

    

37.3

62.7

Vendor location

 Main Island b

74.7

25.3

70.6

29.4

61.4

38.6

 Outer Islands

51.4

48.6

93.9

6.1

6.7

93.3

Gender

 Female

72.7

27.3

81.0

19.0

43.9

56.1

 Male

53.3

46.7

62.1

37.8

47.1

52.9

Vendor experience (years trading)

 Less than 1 year

61.7

38.3

70.8

29.2

32.0

68.0

 1 to 2 years

(1 to 5 years Samoa only)

76.0

24.0

75.0

25.0

40.6

59.4

 3 to 10 years

(6 to 10 years Samoa only)

68.6

31.4

0

0

54.2

45.8

 11 to 20 years

91.7

8.3

69.8

30.3

n/a

n/a

 More than 20 years

n/a

n/a

83.7

16.3

69.2

30.8

Crop type sold c

 Root crops

59.7

40.3

70.8

29.2

42.7

57.3

 Fruits

75.9

24.1

75.2

24.8

48.8

51.2

 Vegetables

72.2

27.8

76.4

24.6

47.4

52.6

Where is product sourced from?

 Other market vendors

75

25

75.0

25.0

n/a

n/a

 Family-owned farm

73.1

26.9

63.5

36.5

40.7

59.3

 Trader/middlemen

0

0

61.9

38.1

0

0

 Commercial farm

83.3

16.7

81.8

18.2

64.7

35.3

 Other d

57.1

42.9

40.0

60

78.6

21.4

  1. n/a. Insufficient sample number
  2. a Vendor interviews in Tonga did not segregate road-side vendors according to vendor stalls (trading structures). Only municipal market vendors were interviewed in Fiji
  3. b Main Island is defined as location where majority of the population reside
  4. c Most vendors sold multiple crop types and multiple products
  5. d Other. Product was sourced from friends or relatives, retail shops, church groups, or importers