Regressors | Soil erosion control | Organic or inorganic fertilizer use | Trees and permanent crops | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CGROs | CCROs | No certificate | CGROs | CCROs | No certificate | CGROs | CCROs | No certificate | ||||||||||
Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | Coef | Robust Std.Err. | Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | Coef. | Robust Std.Err. | |
Formal Employment | − 0.014 | 0.097 | − 0.071 | 0.088 | − 0.027 | 0.106 | − 0.386 | 0.135 | 0.000 | – | 0.182 | 0.142 | − 31.89 | 26.53 | − 1731.79 | 1458.65 | − 2370.87 | 1839.32 |
Plot owner’s age | 0.000 | – | 0.002 | 0.002 | − 0.071 | 0.067 | 0.000 | – | − 1.168 | 0.110 | 0.093 | 0.107 | 0.000 | – | 1600.25 | 1689.21 | 1859.98 | 2025.78 |
Education above primary | 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.817 | 1.555 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.086 | 0.152 | 2.132 | 2.754 | 2.811 | 2.983 |
Migrant from another region | 0.308 | 0.138 | − 0.104 | 0.089 | − 0.022 | 0.029 | − 0.218 | 0.166 | − 3.558 | 2.111 | 0.062 | 0.035 | − 979.32 | 187.71 | 83.58 | 206.49 | 217.64 | 304.90 |
Dwelling certificate | − 0.088 | 0.052 | − 1.338 | 0.192 | 0.059 | 0.021 | − 0.051 | 0.072 | − 0.060 | 0.080 | − 0.075 | 0.025 | − 4.53 | 9.43 | − 221.47 | 74.60 | − 259.40 | 85.88 |
Ln (Mean plot-varying factors) | − 0.072 | 0.083 | 0.334 | 0.484 | − 0.051 | 0.028 | − 0.538 | 0.114 | − 0.619 | 0.270 | 0.104 | 0.037 | 436.95 | 77.14 | 1293.44 | 452.42 | 1577.67 | 543.74 |
Ln (Farm size) | − 0.257 | 0.186 | 0.043 | – | 0.049 | 0.027 | 0.135 | 0.210 | 0.451 | 0.502 | − 0.079 | 0.038 | 952.51 | 287.48 | − 1167.57 | 355.58 | − 1309.02 | 407.06 |
Ln (Plot to market distance) | 0.042 | 0.025 | 0.093 | 0.161 | 0.012 | 0.004 | 0.086 | 0.047 | 0.024 | 0.038 | 0.038 | 0.007 | 139.93 | 29.97 | 15.55 | 29.49 | 25.95 | 30.04 |
Female head | − 0.046 | 0.019 | 0.158 | 0.104 | 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.015 | 0.025 | 0.126 | 0.178 | − 0.003 | 0.008 | 50.18 | 15.03 | − 55.15 | 21.09 | − 53.20 | 24.03 |
AE HH size | − 0.094 | 0.049 | 1.929 | 1.822 | 0.035 | 0.006 | − 0.043 | 0.096 | 0.104 | 0.108 | − 0.002 | 0.009 | − 61.47 | 33.69 | − 81.85 | 37.36 | − 94.16 | 43.18 |
Modern roof | 0.290 | 0.059 | − 0.296 | 0.268 | − 0.103 | 0.025 | 0.330 | 0.104 | − 3.822 | 2.053 | 0.040 | 0.031 | − 380.14 | 93.50 | − 155.24 | 89.89 | − 72.04 | 96.74 |
Concrete cement walls | 0.000 | 0.029 | −1.719 | 0.464 | 0.003 | 0.003 | − 0.169 | 0.034 | 0.579 | 0.302 | − 0.002 | 0.004 | 250.77 | 58.60 | − 57.37 | 26.28 | − 69.53 | 31.34 |
Basic services | 0.323 | 0.202 | 1.389 | 0.842 | 0.065 | 0.015 | 0.265 | 0.300 | − 0.704 | 0.433 | − 0.005 | 0.021 | − 1116.67 | 287.41 | 419.05 | 113.07 | 356.98 | 91.78 |
Transport cost to district office | − 0.178 | 0.101 | 0.001 | 0.045 | − 0.006 | 0.017 | − 0.516 | 0.101 | − 1.216 | 1.042 | 0.142 | 0.023 | 486.89 | 93.53 | − 536.96 | 161.71 | − 628.47 | 181.79 |
HH own bank account | 0.082 | 0.058 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.014 | 0.015 | 0.016 | 0.075 | − 0.013 | 0.043 | − 0.029 | 0.019 | − 22.76 | 25.57 | 39.05 | 102.72 | 80.96 | 112.82 |
Received financial assistance | 0.000 | 0.000 | − 0.554 | 1.481 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | − 21.01 | 19.02 | − 40.013 | 29.25 | − 30.16 | 21.09 |
Married HH head | 0.187 | 0.082 | − 0.351 | 0.284 | − 0.029 | 0.021 | 0.394 | 0.170 | 3.240 | 1.699 | − 0.172 | 0.029 | 1045.48 | 255.47 | − 34.67 | 135.43 | 21.58 | 171.27 |
Inherited plot | 0.178 | 0.100 | 0.377 | 1.246 | 0.041 | 0.016 | − 0.009 | 0.125 | 0.498 | 0.289 | − 0.031 | 0.022 | − 481.54 | 101.83 | 79.13 | 89.47 | 27.17 | 100.28 |
Ln (Total HH expenditure) | 0.411 | 0.112 | 0.328 | 1.317 | − 0.040 | 0.023 | 0.125 | 0.167 | − 3.342 | 1.566 | 0.043 | 0.026 | − 424.97 | 121.32 | 212.75 | 87.25 | 289.11 | 106.79 |
Land dispute | − 0.028 | 0.091 | 0.000 | 0.000 | − 0.051 | 0.015 | − 0.011 | 0.184 | − 2.418 | 1.485 | − 0.054 | 0.020 | 1328.35 | 357.68 | 22.97 | 96.61 | 9.93 | 104.68 |
Village land certificate | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.000 | 28.88 | 12.02 |
Agric. occupation | 0.000 | 0.001 | 1.279 | 1.690 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.002 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 243.01 | 211.01 | 87.01 | 80.61 | 101.00 | 70.17 |
Cooperative | 0.114 | 0.101 | 0.099 | 0.061 | 0.007 | 0.022 | 0.159 | 0.202 | − 2.333 | 1.941 | − 0.018 | 0.026 | 635.94 | 159.49 | − 208.98 | 141.86 | − 215.14 | 161.51 |
Livestock ownership TLU | − 0.087 | 0.035 | − 0.545 | 0.570 | − 0.035 | 0.019 | − 0.023 | 0.067 | 0.116 | 0.064 | 0.083 | 0.025 | − 4.061 | 5.683 | − 122.29 | 155.29 | − 139.60 | 171.73 |
Own registered company | − 0.015 | 0.165 | 0.386 | 0.146 | 0.055 | 0.017 | − 0.238 | 0.182 | 0.425 | 0.667 | − 0.048 | 0.020 | − 21.45 | 491.84 | − 95.139 | 76.90 | − 100.19 | 77.13 |
Formal Employment | − 0.011 | 0.034 | − 0.130 | 0.459 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.012 | 0.072 | − 0.089 | 0.164 | 0.016 | 0.002 | 311.05 | 78.85 | − 15.906 | 6.322 | − 12.19 | 6.497 |
Plot owner’s age | 0.333 | 0.272 | 1.036 | 0.862 | 0.082 | 0.034 | − 0.084 | 0.315 | 0.801 | 0.530 | − 0.177 | 0.033 | − 3.599 | 4.406 | − 409.00 | 210.28 | − 346.56 | 228.70 |
Selection correction terms | ||||||||||||||||||
_m0 | − 0.446 | 0.182 | − 2.826 | 2.153 | − 0.183 | 0.050 | − 0.183 | 0.100 | 0.599 | 0.336 | 0.429 | 0.130 | − 111.46 | 25.65 | − 494.35 | 119.62 | − 520.61 | 400.63 |
_m1 | − 0.076 | 0.855 | 1.997 | 0.755 | 0.288 | 0.089 | 0.288 | 0.089 | 2.199 | 3.454 | − 0.249 | 0.107 | 61.16 | 29.69 | − 82.64 | 32.84 | − 63.352 | 33.75 |
_m2 | − 0.056 | 0.175 | − 0.675 | 2.374 | 0.008 | 0.010 | 0.008 | 0.010 | − 0.462 | 0.849 | 0.085 | 0.011 | − 138.66 | 112.89 | − 215.32 | 102.56 | − 180.64 | 118.02 |
_cons | − 0.273 | 0.068 | 0.501 | 0.032 | 1.015 | 1.997 | 0.895 | 0.674 | 0.115 | 0.083 | 0.115 | 0.083 | 450.19 | 101.01 | 218.095 | 90.47 | 88.11 | 51.83 |