Table 4 CSA practices in Ethiopia.
CSA practices | Components | Why it is climate smart? |
|---|---|---|
Conservation agriculture | - Reduced tillage - Crop residue management(mulching) - Crop rotation/intercropping with cereals and legumes | - Carbon sequestration - Reduces existing emissions - Resilience to dry and hot spells - Enhances soil fertility resulting in improvement in soil productivity |
Integrated soil fertility management | - Compost and manure management - Efficient fertilizer application techniques | - Reduces emission of nitrous oxide and CH4 - Improved soil productivity |
Small-scale irrigation | - Year round cropping - Efficient water utilization | - Creating carbon sink, Improved yields, Improved food security |
Agroforestry | - Tree based conservation agriculture practices both traditionally and as improved practice - Farmers-managed natural regeneration | - Trees store large quantities of Co2 - Can support resilience and increase agricultural productivity |
Crop diversification | - Popularization of new crops and crop verities - Pest resistance, high yielding, drought tolerant and short seasons | - Ensuring food security - Resilience to weather variability - Alternative livelihoods and improved incomes |
Improved livestock feed and feeding practice | - Reduces open grazing/zero grazing - Forage development and rangeland management - Feed improvement - Livestock breed improvement and diversification | - Improved livestock productivity - GHG reduction - CH4 reduction |
Improved animal husbandry | - Animal breed improvement, improved animal health system - Improved manure management practices | - Improved livestock productivity - GHG reduction - CH4 reduction |
Others | - Early warning systems and weather information’s - Support to alternative energy - Crop and livestock insurance - post harvest technologies, etc. | - Resilience of agriculture - Improved incomes - Reduced emissions - Reduced deforestation - Reduce climate risk |