Are smallholder farmers benefiting from malt barley contract farming engagement in Ethiopia?

Table 2 Summary statistics of contract and non-contract farmers

Variables	Contract farmers		Non-contract farmers		Total		t-value/Chi²
Variables	Mean (Freq.)	St.dev (Perc)	Mean (Freq.)	St.dev (Perc)	Mean (Freq.)	St.dev (Perc)	t-value/Chi²
Sex
Male	99	77.9	141	76.2	240	76.9	0.12
Female	28	22.1	44	23.8	72	23.1
Age	40.12	0.83	43.10	0.58	41.89	0.49	3.01^c
Education	3.98	0.18	3.38	0.35	3.62	0.22	1.32^a
Family size	5.85	0.12	5.05	0.17	5.38	0.11	3.38^c
Livestock	1.61	0. 11	1.00	0.03	1.25	0.05	5.83^c
Land holding	2.30	0.08	1.77	0.06	1.98	0.05	4.95^c
Land malt barley	1.62	0.05	1.09	0.06	1.31	0.04	5.52^c
Extensions	1.87	0.11	1.74	0.10	1.79	0.07	0.80
Experience	6.89	0.11	6.24	0.08	6.51	0.07	4.62^c
Credit use
Yes	48	37.8	49	26.5	215	31.1
No	79	62.2	136	73.5	97	68.9	4.49^b
Cooperative membership
Yes	56	44.1	61	32.9	117	37.5	3.97^b
No	71	55.9	124	67.1	195	62.5
Distance	3.91	0.25	5.53	0.2	4.87	0.16	4.92^c

ISSN: 2048-7010