Table 3 Climate-ready crops improved using genetic engineering
From: Modern plant biotechnology as a strategy in addressing climate change and attaining food security
Crop | Gene and genetic engineering methods used | Target trait | Trait improvement | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rice | Transgenic rice expressing Capsicum annum methionine sulfoxide reductase B2 (CaMsrB2) gene | Drought resistance | Drought tolerance at reproductive stage | [195] |
Rice | RNAi silencing of RACK1 gene expression | Drought resistance | Higher growth even at water stress | [200] |
ASD India Rice | Transgenic of gene DNA helicase-47 (PDH47) from Pisum sativum | Drought resistance | Regulate several stress response genes | [201] |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Abscisic acid‐responsive transcription | Drought resistance | Deeper root system | [203] |
Rice | CRISPR editing on MADS-box transcription factors for gene MADS78 and MADS79 | Seed germination | Endosperm cellularization and early seed development | [231] |
Rice | Knockdown of gna1a, dep1, and gs3 gene | Abiotic stress resistance—Climate-ready crop | High yield, large grain size, grain number, improved grain weight | [232] |
Rice | CRISPR edition of 3ʹ end of OsLOGL5 coding sequence | Drought resistance | Increase in grain yield | [232] |
Rice | Cytokinin homeostasis | Stress resistance | Increase in grain yield | [222] |
Rice | CRISPR of gs3 and dep1 genes | Salinity tolerance | [232] | |
Rice | Silencing the ERF transcription factor gene OsERF922 y CRISPR editing | Disease resistance | Resistant to rice blast in both seedling and tillering stages | [229] |
Maize | Transgenic maize preserving RNA stability and translation of Cold shock protein B | Drought resistance | Maintain the cellular functions under water stress conditions | [238] |
Maize | Transgenic maize with homologous ZmNF-YB2 | Drought resistance | 50% increase in grain yield | [241] |
Maize | CRISPR/Cas9 system to edit ARGOS8 | Drought resistance | Increase in plant yield | [243] |
Maize | ZFN technique to knock out of TMS5, the thermo-sensitive male sterile 5 gene | Heat resistance | Thermos-sensitive male-sterile maize crops | [244] |
Maize | RNAi technology in putative V-ATPaseA coding region | Pest resistance | Resistant to Western corn rootworm | [249] |
Soybean | Overexpression of Arabidopsis gene Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CR) | Drought resistance | Tolerate high-temperature condition | [254] |
Soybean | Transformed with AtDREB1A gene under rd29A | Drought resistance | Increase in plant photosynthetic rate, plant chlorophyll content with a higher stomatal conductance | [256] |
Soybean | Virus-induced gene silencing of WRKY transcription factors | Stress resistance | Resistant to biotic and abiotic stress | [257] |
Soybean | Transgenic with csr1-2 gene from Arabidopsis thaliana | herbicide- resistance | Resistant to imidazolinone chemical class | [261] |
Soybean | Transgenic with cry1Ab gene from Bt | Pest resistance | Resistant to larval feeding and growth of Anticarsia gemmatalis | [261] |
Wheat | Dehydration-responsive element binding (DREB) gene | Water stress | Tolerance of water stress conditions | [268] |
Wheat | Transgenic with manipulation in transgene Pinellia pedatisecta agglutinin (PPA) | Pest resistance | Resistance to Aphid damage | [274] |
Wheat | TALEN, and CRISPR-mediated genome editing to the target gene TaMLO | Pest resistance | Resistance to Powdery mildew disease | [274] |
Wheat | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in EDR1gene | Pest resistance | Resistance to Powdery mildew disease | [275] |
Wheat | CRISPR-mediated editing of gene TaGASR7 length and weight | Drought resistance | Improved grain length and weight | [277] |
Barley | overexpression of HvSNAC1 stress responsible transcription factor | Drought resistance | Tolerate drought without a reduction in crop yield | [283] |
Barley | CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of MORC1gene | Pest resistance | Resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp. Hordei and Fusarium graminearum damage | [287] |
Potato | Transgenic with tuber-specific gene AmA1 | Enhance nutritional value | Increase in protein content | [298] |
Potato | bch gene silencing using RNAi approach | Enhance nutritional value | Increase in beta-carotene and lutein content | [300] |
Potato | Transgenic with cry1Ac9 and cry9Aa2 genes from Bt | Pest resistance | Resistant to larval feeding and growth of Anticarsia gemmatalis | [303] |
Tomato | Antisense RNA technology | Increase in Shelf life | The slowdown in ripening and prevention from softening | [305] |
Tomato | Transgenic and overexpression of banana MYB transcription factor MaMYB3 | Increase in Shelf life | Inhibition of starch degradation and delay in fruit ripening | [307] |
Tomato | Transgenic and overexpression of apple vacuolar H+-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (MdVHP1) | Abiotic stress resistance | Resistant to salinity and drought | [307] |
Tomato | Deletion of QTLs, Pto gene | Pest resistance | Resistant to Pseudomonas syringae races and Cladosopum fulvum strains | [316] |
Cassava | Knockdown of eiF4E genes, ncbp1 and ncbp2, using CRISPR/Cas9 technique | Pest resistance | Resistance to Potyviridae viruses damage | [317] |
Banana | Overexpression of MaPIP1;1 gene | Drought resistance | Higher ABA content | [327] |
Banana | Knockdown of gibberellins biosynthesis genes | Submergence tolerance | Well-developed root system | [329] |