Table 1 Impact of climate change in food security and adaptation plan
From: Modern plant biotechnology as a strategy in addressing climate change and attaining food security
Region/country | Impact on the agriculture sector | Adaptation strategies for food security | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Albania | Increased temperatures and the threat of waterlogging of fields due to intense rainfall and or flooding may also result in an increased presence of pests and diseases | According to Albania National Adaptation Plan 2021, Agricultural resilience against droughts is enhanced | [47] |
Argentina | Climate change-related threats are estimated to potentially impact between 4.5–7% of Argentina’s GDP | Enacted National Adaptation Plan for climate change 2021 | [48] |
Armenia | By the 2070s, potato crop yields will decrease by 21% due to climate change | Use disease- and pest-resistant crop species; research and use drought- and heat-resistant species and hybrids, especially local species | [49] |
Bangladesh | The salinity threshold by the 2050s as a result of sea-level rise could result in a 15.6% reduction in rice output | Nationally determined contribution (updated) 2020 National Agricultural Technology Program-Phase II Project (NATP-2), support to seaweed cultivation | [50] |
Brazil | Food insecure population 66Â million and cotton crops are expected to be moderately impacted by climatic changes, but maize and wheat yields will decline significantly | Enacted National Adaptation Plan for climate change 2016. genetic improvement to develop drought-resistant varieties, Biofuels | [51] |
Chile | Climate change models predict that the average daily maximum temperatures in Chile will increase by around 2 °C by the 2050s and fruit loss increase by 50% | National Adaptation Plan enacted 2017 | [52] |
Ethiopia | Estimates suggest climate change may reduce Ethiopia’s GDP up to 10% by 2045, largely through drought-induced impacts on agricultural productivity | Ethiopia’s climate-resilient green economy national adaptation plan-2019 | [53] |
India | Wheat and maize yield in central India is expected to decline significantly even at lower carbon emission pathways | National Adaptation Plan for climate change in the process includes an adaptation of new technology to produce resilient crop varieties | [54] |
Nigeria | Studies show that increased levels of CO2 will lead to nutrient declines in rice of up to 17%, with increased rainfall variability and higher temperatures likely to also further reduce rice yields | Enacted National Adaptation Plan for climate change in 2021 | [55] |
Sri Lanka | By the 2060s, crop yields are projected to decline in the range of 12–19% and 27–41% in Maha and Yala season, respectively. The poverty rate could increase in the range of 12–26% | The National Adaptation Plan for climate change has been enacted in 2016 | [56] |
Thailand | Their study projects rain-fed rice yields to reduce 10% by 2080 under the RCP 8.5 emissions pathway and crop water productivity reducing 29% by 2080 under the same emissions pathway | Thailand’s third national communication; Climate change adaptation plan | [57] |