References | Country | NP | Area | Proximity | Pollinator | Matrix | Key results |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[53] | USA | 8 | 3–215 | 16–324 | Honeybee; bumblebee | Farm | Pollination did not have a significant relationship with distance from the forest |
[62] | USA | – | – | 1000 | Native and honeybee | Watermelon | Pollen deposition by native bees was significantly lower at far farms (those surrounded by  < 1% natural habitat) |
[58] | Indonesia | – | – | 0–900 | Native bees | Coffee | By increasing distance from the forest edge, social bee abundance decreased. In contrast, social bees’ densities increased |
[93] | Costa Rica | 3 | 46–111 | 50–1600 | Native and honeybee | Coffee | Visitation rate, pollen deposition, and bee richness were higher near (100 m) forest fragments |
[31] | Brazil | – | – | 1000 | Native bees | Coffee | An increase (14.6%) was observed in farms near the forest |
[95] | Costa Rica | 2 | 60–100 | 50–1600 | Native and honeybee | Coffee | Bee richness, visiting rate, and pollen deposition decreased significantly with increasing distance from forest patches |
[95] | New Zealand | – | – | 0–111 | Native and honeybee | Kiwifruit | Visitation of all non-honeybee visitors per flower was significantly higher for orchards near native vegetation |
[95] | USA | – | – | 100 | Native bees | Almond | Despite the proximity of orchards to natural habitats, there was no substantial visitation by native species |
[121] | Ecuador | – | – | 100–500 | Cavity-nesting bees | Rice and coffee | Forest distance correlated positively with bee species richness |
[25] | Argentina | – | – | 0–1000 | Native and honeybee | Grapefruit | By increasing the distance from the forest, visiting frequency decreased. At distances greater than 500 m from forest fragments, honeybees decreased significantly |
[59] | Indonesia | – | – | 0–1415 | Megachilidae | Arable land | By increasing the distance from the forest, the total number of bees decreased |
[56] | USA | – | – | 2000 | Ground-nesting bees | Sunflower | More abundant and diverse communities of bees were found nesting at farms with patches of natural habitat nearby than farms that were far away from natural habitat (having  < 25% of forest cover in a radius of 2 km) |
[126] | USA | – | – | 500–1500 | Osmia lignaria | Farm | By increasing distance from forest offspring reduction increased |
[19] | Costa Rica | 1 | 230 | 0–1500 | Native and honeybee | Farm and pasture | Near the forest, honeybees accounted for 5% of the total samples, while stingless bees accounted for 50%. As the distance from the forest increased, meliponines decreased to 20% and honeybees increased to 45% |
[100] | Kenya | – | – | 0–5000 | Honeybees | – | At distances of less than 1 km from the forest, the amount of honey produced was doubled that of the hives located at a distance of 3 km |
[63] | India | – | 0.3–200 | 10–500 | Native and honeybee | Coffee | Distance from forest patches did not affect pollinators |
[16] | Mexico | 1 | 15 | 1–400 | Euglossine | Coffee | By increasing the distance from the forest, euglossine abundance decreased |
[12] | India | – | – | 1400 | Social bee | Coffee | By increasing the distance from the forest, the total visitor abundance decreased in rain-fed agroforests |
[77] | Argentina | – | – | 5–1000 | Honeybee | Soybean | By increasing the distance from the forest, total visitation rates decreased |
[2] | Brazil | 2 | 900–1200 | 100–1000 | Euglossine | Pasture | By increasing distance from forest, abundance, richness, and diversity of orchid bees decreased |
[14] | Spain | 1 | 40 | 500–1800 | Honeybee; native bees | Farm | Honeybee abundance can increase with greater distance from the forest |
[109] | Thailand | 10 | 3.6–650 | 20,000 | Stingless bees | Orchard | Pollination success in near farms (< 1 km) was enhanced substantially by proximity to the forest than far farms (> 7 km) |
[52] | USA | – | – | 0–1000 | Native and honeybee | Orchard | By increasing the distance from forest patches, the number of bee visits to apple flowers decreased |
[30] | Brazil | 1 | 2176 | 250–500 | Cavity-nesting bees | Farm | At the forest edge, parasitism and mortality were more observed |
[49] | Brazil | – | – | 1500 | Apoidea | Coffee | Reducing yield gaps and higher biodiversity were found in farms near the forest |
[105] | Brazil | 1 | 0.6 | 600–4000 | Xylocopa | Passion fruit | By increasing the distance from the forest, total visitation rates of Xylocopa decreased |
[108] | Thailand | 10 | 360–65,000 | 50–30,000 | Stingless bee | Orchard | At sites near (< 1 km) the forest, the average number of visitor interactions was higher |
[22] | Indonesia | – | – | 200–1000 | Native bees | Cucumber | In farms near (< 200) to the forest, pollinators were significantly lower compared to farms far (> 1000) from the forest Distance from the forest did not affect the productivity of cucumbers |
[71] | Brazil | – | – | 500–1500 | Stingless bee | Mixed | By increasing distance from forest, Stingless bee richness decreased regardless of body size. In contrast, stingless bee body size increased |
[86] | Brazil | 14 | 1–39 | 500 | Native bees | Pasture | By increasing the distance from the forest, β-diversity increased |
[107] | Estonia | – | – | 2000 | Bumblebee | Farm | The species richness and abundance were higher in the margins next to the forest compared to the margins next to open habitats |
[32] | Nepal | – | – | 100–2100 | Honeybee; solitary bees | Mustard | By increasing the distance from the forest, diversity measures decreased |
[46] | Brazil | – | – | 400 | Meliponini | Coffee | By increasing distance from forest, bee richness and abundance decreased. Bee abundance decreased only when the coffee cover dominated the landscapes matrix |
[50] | Argentina | – | 1–15 | 0–200 | Native and honeybees | Soybean | By increasing distance from forest, pollen deposition and total visitation rates of native bees decreased |
[99] | Mexico | – | – | 1000 | Native bees | Soybean | The presence of preserved patches contributes to the richness and the abundance of bees, due to the maintenance of wildflowers and ruderal plants in patches next to the crop fields, providing a continuous source of pollen |
[125] | Thailand | – | – | 1500–15,000 | Stingless bees | Orchard | By increasing the distance from the forest, pollinator specialization decreased |