Cash crops and food security: evidence from smallholder cocoa and cashew farmers in Ghana

Table 4 Multinomial logistic regression results on the determinants of food security in cocoa households in the Forest-Savannah Transition Zone of Ghana (n = 236)

Explanatory Variables	Outcome Variable: Household Food Security Status^a
	Food Insecure Without Hunger			Food Insecure With Hunger, Moderate			Food Insecure With Hunger, Severe
	β	Exp(β)	Sig	β	Exp(β)	Sig	β	Exp(β)	Sig
AGE	− 0.003	0.997	0.893	− 0.013	0.988	0.515	− 0.026	0.974	0.266
FEX	− 0.008	0.992	0.727	0.002	1.002	0.918	0.016	1.016	0.494
COEX	0.022	1.023	0.524	− 0.005	0.995	0.877	0.008	1.008	0.817
SIZE	− 0.023	0.977	0.727	− 0.003	0.997	0.955	− 0.026	0.974	0.741
LAB	0.062	1.064	0.613	0.078	1.082	0.488	0.202	1.224	0.115
LAND	− 0.266**	0.767	0.030	− 0.103	0.902	0.337	− 0.159	0.853	0.243
GACI	− 0.012	0.988	0.639	− 0.087**	0.916	0.012	− 0.056*	0.945	0.088
CINC	− 0.021	0.979	0.718	0.044	1.045	0.462	0.022	1.022	0.703
SEX	− 0.381	0.683	0.560	− 0.356	0.701	0.541	− 0.808	0.446	0.271
EDU	1.4***	4.056	0.005	0.280	1.322	0.569	1.488***	4.430	0.006
LIVE	0.950**	2.586	0.048	0.763*	2.145	0.073	0.108	1.114	0.843
OFF	− 0.429	0.651	0.352	− 0.423	0.655	0.298	0.010	1.010	0.984
EXT	− 0.074	0.928	0.880	0.369	1.447	0.373	− 0.306	0.737	0.564
CRED	− 0.160	0.853	0.767	− 0.052	0.950	0.912	− 0.034	0.967	0.953
CASHEW	0.691	1.996	0.149	1.209****	3.349	0.004	1.656****	5.241	0.001
DISP	0.307	0.736	0.555	0.394	1.482	0.335	0.989**	2.689	0.044

Goodness of Fit and Model Performance Statistics
Number of Observations	236
− 2 Log Likelihood	532.977
Likelihood Ratio (LR) Chi-square	80.631****
Nagelkerke (Pseudo) R²	0.313

^aReference category is food secure *Significant at 10%, **Significant at 5%, ***Significant at 1%, ****Significant at 0.5%

ISSN: 2048-7010