Profit efficiency in family-owned crop farms in Eastern Cape Province of South Africa: a translog profit function approach

Table 1 Variable for descriptive statistics of sample farms

Variable	Depiction and component of measurement	Expected Symbol
Age	Age of household head in years	±
Sex	Sex of family head: Male = 1; Female = 0	+
Farming experience	Knowledge in agriculture of family head in years	−
Years in school	Number of years spent in school by household head	−
Off-farm income	Income derived from non-farm activities in Rands	−
Access to extension	Does family head have access? Y = 1; N = 0	−
Access to credit	Does family head have admission? Y = 1; N = 0	−
Land maize	Area under maize cultivation in hectares	+
Dloc	Dummy variable; Qamata = 1, Tyhefu = 2	±

ISSN: 2048-7010