Spatial and temporal genetic variation in Ethiopian barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) landraces as revealed by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers

Table 5 Pairwise F_ST values and Nm values based on 999 permutations from AMOVA according to regions of origin and altitude classes (all F_ST values were significantly greater than 0, p < 0.0001)

Regions		F_ST	Nm	Altitude classes*		F_ST	Nm
Amhara	Oromia	0.033	7.326	Altitude class I	Altitude class II	0.074	3.128
Amhara	SNNP	0.189	1.073	Altitude class I	Altitude class III	0.128	1.703
Amhara	Tigray	0.045	5.306	Altitude class I	Altitude class IV	0.307	0.564
Amhara	B/Gumuz	0.081	2.836	Altitude class II	Altitude class III	0.053	4.467
Oromia	SNNP	0.047	5.069	Altitude class II	Altitude class IV	0.092	2.467
Oromia	Tigray	0.208	0.952	Altitude class III	Altitude class IV	0.021	11.655
Oromia	B/Gumuz	0.104	2.154	Cluster		F_ST	Nm
SNNP	Tigray	0.259	0.715	Cluster I	Cluster II	0.046	5.185
SNNP	B/Gumuz	0.106	2.108	Cluster I	Cluster III	0.131	1.658
Tigray	B/Gumuz	0.348	0.468	Cluster II	Cluster III	0.064	3.656

^*Altitude class I (≤ 1500 m), Altitude class II (1501-2000 m), Altitude class III (2001-2500 m) and Altitude class III (> 2500 m), F_ST Fixation index, Nm number of migrants

ISSN: 2048-7010