Table 13 Path coefficients (beta), t-statistic, coefficient of determination, and result of research hypotheses
Direct hypotheses | Beta coefficients | T value | P value | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Rural–urban flows and linkages- > Empowerment of farmers | 0.735 | 27.728 | 0.000 | Accept |
Empowerment of farmers affected by rural–urban flows and linkages- > Perceived environmental–ecological effects of sustainable food security plans | 0.336 | 7.214 | 0.000 | Accept |
Empowerment of farmers affected by rural–urban flows and linkages- > Perceived political–cultural effects of sustainable food security plans | 0.759 | 33.183 | 0.000 | Accept |
Empowerment of farmers affected by rural–urban flows and linkages- > Perceived socio-economic effects of sustainable food security plans | 0.840 | 54.001 | 0.000 | Accept |
Perceived environmental–ecological effects by farmers on the implementation of food security plans- > Their participation in sustainable food security plans | 0.012 | 0.512 | 0.609 | Reject |
Perceived political–cultural effects by farmers on the implementation of food security plans—> Their participation in sustainable food security plans | − 0.025 | 0.680 | 0.497 | Reject |
Perceived socioeconomic effects by farmers on the implementation of food security plans—> Their participation in sustainable food security plans | − 0.310 | 5.628 | 0.000 | Accept |
Empowerment affected by rural–urban linkages—> Participation in sustainable food security | 1.155 | 21.626 | 0.000 | Accept |