Table 1 Sub-questions

1

Are rural–urban linkages effective in empowering farmers?

2

Does empowering farmers affected by rural–urban linkages influence their perceived environmental–ecological impacts from sustainable food security plans?

3

Does empowering farmers affected by rural–urban linkages influence their perceived political–cultural impacts from sustainable food security plans?

4

Does empowering farmers affected by rural–urban linkages influence their perceived socio-economic impacts from sustainable food security plans?

5

Are farmers' perceived environmental–ecological effects of food security plans influential in their participation in these plans?

6

Are farmers' perceived political–cultural effects of food security plans influential in their participation in these plans?

7

Are farmers' perceived socio-economic effects of food security plans influential in their participation in these plans?

8

Does empowering farmers affected by rural–urban linkages affect their participation in food security plans?