Table 4 Descriptive analytical results for dummy explanatory variables by choice of livelihood strategies.
Variables | Livelihood strategies of the households | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Response | AG | AG + NF | AG + OFF | AG + NF + OFF | Total | χ2-value | |
Sex | Male | 109 (28.4%) | 82 (21.3%) | 63 (16.4%) | 44 (11.5%) | 298 (77.6%) | 26.733*** |
Female | 57 (14.8%) | 16 (4.2%) | 11 (2.9%) | 2 (0.5%) | 86 (22.4%) | ||
Credit access | Yes | 32 (8.3%) | 53 (13.8%) | 33 (8.6%) | 28 (7.3%) | 146 (38.0%) | 47.024*** |
No | 134 (34.9%) | 45 (11.7%) | 41 (10.7%) | 18 (4.7%) | 238 (62.0%) | ||
Educational status | Literate | 31 (8.1%) | 35 (9.1%) | 20 (5.2%) | 20 (5.2%) | 106 (27.6%) | 15.661** |
Illiterate | 135 (35.2%) | 63 (16.4%) | 54 (14.1%) | 26 (6.8%) | 278 (72.4%) | ||
Improved seed | Yes | 65 (19.9%) | 38 (9.9%) | 32 (8.3%) | 23 (6.0%) | 158 (41.1%) | 2.122 |
No | 101 (26.3%) | 60 (15.6%) | 42 (11%) | 23 (6.0%) | 226 (58.9%) | ||
Fertilizer use | Yes | 139 (36.2%) | 66 (17.2%) | 49 (12.8%) | 27 (7.0%) | 281 (73.2%) | 17.866*** |
No | 27 (7.0%) | 32 (8.3%) | 25 (6.5%) | 19 (5.0%) | 103 (26.8%) | ||
Agro-ecology | Highland | 38 (9.9%) | 23 (6.0%) | 16 (4.2%) | 13 (3.4%) | 90 (23.4%) | 0.760 |
Lowland | 128 (33.3%) | 75 (19.5%) | 58 (15.1%) | 33 (8.6%) | 294 (76.6%) | ||
Cooperatives | Yes | 65 (16.9%) | 30 (7.8%) | 17 (4.4%) | 15 (3.9%) | 127 (33.1%) | 6.459 |
No | 101 (26.3%) | 68 (17.7%) | 57 (14.9%) | 31 (8.1%) | 257 (66.9%) | ||
Leadership | Yes | 22 (5.7%) | 11 (2.9%) | 5 (1.3%) | 5 (1.3%) | 43 (11.2%) | 2.178 |
No | 144 (37.5%) | 87 (22.6%) | 69 (18.0%) | 41 (10.7%) | 341 (88.8%) | ||
Training | Yes | 46 (12.0%) | 43 (11.2%) | 22 (5.7%) | 17 (4.4%) | 128 (33.3%) | 7.969** |
No | 120 (31.2%) | 55 (14.3%) | 52 (13.6%) | 29 (7.6%) | 256 (66.7%) | ||