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Table 9 Estimated Poisson and ZIP model of household food security in Nigeria

From: Women empowerment, Land Tenure and Property Rights, and household food security among smallholders in Nigeria

Explanatory variables

USDA household food security

HDDS

Poisson 1

IV Poisson

Poisson 2

z

ZIP Count*

ZIP Inflate

Poisson

Coef

z

Coef

z

Coef

Coef

z

Coef

z

Coef

z

Extension contact (access = 1)

− 0.083***

− 2.92

− 0.305***

− 2.79

− 0.084***

− 2.94

− 0.103***

− 3.57

− 0.138

− 0.65

− 5.90E−05

0.00

Age of head

0.013*

1.90

− 0.008

− 0.09

0.013*

1.89

0.003

0.37

− 0.065

− 1.36

0.001

0.10

Age squared

− 8.30E−05

− 1.22

0.000

0.16

− 8.2E−05

− 1.21

2.31E−05

0.33

0.001

1.35

− 1.70E−05

− 0.24

Education of head (schooling years)

− 0.001

− 0.27

− 0.009

− 0.59

− 0.001

− 0.26

0.001

0.40

0.011

0.63

0.006***

2.73

Gender of head (female = 1)

− 0.061

− 1.03

0.207

0.32

− 0.060

− 1.00

0.068

1.14

0.526

1.41

0.035

0.63

Head is single

0.267**

2.31

− 0.285

− 0.31

0.269**

2.32

0.220*

1.88

− 0.394

− 0.35

− 0.209

− 1.43

Head is widowed/divorced

− 0.426***

− 2.80

− 0.471

− 0.56

− 0.425***

− 2.79

− 0.416***

− 2.70

0.101

0.13

0.001

0.01

Head works off-farm

− 2.37E−07***

− 4.47

− 2.10E−07

− 0.89

− 2.41E−07***

− 4.55

− 1.01E−07**

− 1.97

4.69E−07*

1.86

− 3.40E−09

− 0.08

Household size

− 0.001

− 0.04

− 0.001

− 0.09

− 0.001

− 0.06

− 0.001

− 0.37

− 0.004

− 0.22

0.002

0.79

Dependent ratio

− 0.007

− 0.91

− 0.032

− 0.44

− 0.007

− 0.93

− 0.002

− 0.23

0.040

0.71

− 0.020**

− 2.44

North central dummy

0.098***

2.46

0.199

0.85

0.095**

2.39

0.090**

2.25

0.019

0.07

0.026

0.65

Northeast dummy

0.312***

6.55

0.404**

2.08

0.312***

6.55

0.255***

5.29

− 0.350

− 0.84

− 0.403***

− 6.79

Southeast dummy

0.272***

5.43

0.216

1.17

0.271***

5.41

0.127**

2.52

− 1.114**

− 2.14

− 0.309***

− 5.48

South-south dummy

− 0.005

− 0.10

− 0.3148

− 1.18

− 0.006

− 0.12

− 0.094*

− 1.77

− 0.611

− 1.45

− 0.007

− 0.14

South west dummy

− 0.144***

− 2.97

0.1574

0.75

− 0.1512***

− 3.12

− 0.1122**

− 2.32

0.249

0.77

0.167***

3.97

Constant

1.8***

10.38

2.7814

1.15

1.8035***

10.40

2.1319***

12.07

− 0.815

− 0.67

1.736***

10.30

LR Chi sq. (36)

295.49

   

293.58

 

192.87

   

241.06

 

Log likelihood

− 3446.63

   

− 3447.58

 

− 2733.12

   

− 232.36

 
  1. + Instrumented: Credit Amount; Instruments: FreeholdRightReg Offfarmincome Maize Farmsize_Ha LowLand SI SDI MaizeFarmSize MaizeLowLand MaizeSI
  2. Poisson 1: Poisson with credit; MaizeSDI Purchased Leased_rented Communal FemAchmtAsset FemAchmtGrpMem FemAchmtProDec
  3. Poisson 2: Poisson without credit; FemAchmtIncCon FemAchmtCredit FemAchmtWork Parity_dummy Extensioncontact Age AgeSq SchlgYr
  4. ZIP Count*: ZIP Count without credit. Gender Never_married Ever_married HHSize DepRatio NC NE SE SS SW Native PHCN CoopSociety
  5. ***, **, * represent statistical significance at 1%, 5% & 10%
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Agriculture & Food Security

ISSN: 2048-7010