Women empowerment, Land Tenure and Property Rights, and household food security among smallholders in Nigeria

Kehinde, Mojisola Olanike; Shittu, Adebayo Musediku; Adeyonu, Abigail Gbemisola; Ogunnaike, Maria Gbemisola

doi:10.1186/s40066-021-00297-7

Agriculture & Food Security

Table 8 Estimated Poisson and ZIP Models of Household Food Security in Nigeria

From: Women empowerment, Land Tenure and Property Rights, and household food security among smallholders in Nigeria

Explanatory variables	USDA household food security										HDDS
	Poisson 1		IV Poisson		Poisson 2		ZIP Count*		ZIP Inflate		Poisson
	Coef	z	Coef	z	Coef	z	Coef	z	Coef	z	Coef	z
Maize	− 0.076	− 1.45	− 0.239	− 0.92	− 0.074	− 1.42	− 0.003	− 0.05	0.515	1.27	− 0.012	− 0.22
Farm size (Ha)	0.004^**	2.48	0.011^***	2.25	0.004^**	2.49	0.004^**	2.57	0.006	0.43	0.000	0.17
Lowland share of farmland	− 0.095^**	− 2.41	− 0.207	− 1.33	− 0.095^**	− 2.39	− 0.019	− 0.47	0.516	1.58	− 0.057	− 1.45
Simpson Index (land fragmentation)	0.048	0.76	0.036	0.15	0.049	0.77	− 0.050	− 0.78	− 0.599	− 1.20	0.047	0.76
Simpson Diversity Index (crop diversity)	− 0.243^**	− 2.36	− 0.380	− 0.87	− 0.246^**	− 2.38	− 0.180^*	− 1.73	0.515	0.66	0.113	1.13
Maize × farm size	− 0.014^***	− 4.19	− 0.035	− 1.31	− 0.014^***	− 4.23	− 0.012^***	− 3.56	0.003	0.13	0.001	0.17
Maize × lowland	0.042	0.60	0.308	0.71	0.043	0.61	− 0.017	− 0.24	− 0.515	− 1.00	0.052	0.77
Maize × SI	0.101	1.00	0.407	0.56	0.096	0.96	0.127	1.27	0.362	0.50	− 0.017	− 0.18
Maize × SDI	0.275^*	1.69	0.553	0.63	0.268	1.65	0.213	1.31	− 0.379	− 0.33	− 0.154	− 0.97
Share of farmland on purchase	− 0.228^***	− 5.50	− 0.185	− 0.71	− 0.232^***	− 5.61	− 0.074^*	− 1.77	0.831^***	3.18	− 0.068^*	− 1.74
Leasehold share of farmland	− 0.013	− 0.33	0.039	0.25	− 0.013	− 0.32	− 0.039	− 0.98	− 0.148	− 0.47	0.047	1.27
Communal share of farmland	− 0.037	− 0.77	0.150	0.51	− 0.039	− 0.82	− 0.036	− 0.75	0.103	0.29	0.016	0.35
Registered × freehold share	− 0.012	− 0.23	− 0.018	− 0.06	− 0.012	− 0.22	− 0.030	− 0.55	− 0.130	− 0.31	0.056	1.10
Credit amount	− 4.4E− 08	− 1.28	− 0.002	− 0.02	−	−	−	−	−	−	1.7E− 08	0.86
Female achievement in asset	− 0.004	− 0.12	0.012	0.10	− 0.002	− 0.07	− 0.006	− 0.21	0.021	0.09	0.052^*	1.84
Female achiev. group membership	− 0.103^***	− 3.24	0.082	0.56	− 0.105^***	− 3.29	− 0.081^**	− 2.56	0.161	0.67	0.058^*	1.89
Female achiev. productive decisions	0.048	1.59	0.038	0.19	0.05	1.64	0.052^*	1.70	− 0.032	− 0.14	0.003	0.12
Female achiev. over control of income	− 0.075^**	− 2.45	− 0.015	− 0.11	− 0.075^**	− 2.44	− 0.116^***	− 3.74	− 0.233	− 0.99	0.031	1.06
Female achievement in credit	0.071^**	2.04	1.658^***	4.35	0.068^*	1.96	0.075^**	2.18	0.093	0.37	0.019	0.56
Female achievement in workload	− 0.058^*	− 1.83	0.126	0.58	− 0.059^*	− 1.88	− 0.058^*	− 1.84	0.002	0.01	0.054^*	1.69
Parity (Parity = 1)	0.115^***	3.16	− 0.583^***	− 3.34	0.118^***	3.25	0.181^***	4.93	0.389	1.42	− 0.064^*	− 1.81

⁺Instrumented: Credit Amount; Instruments: FreeholdRightReg Offfarmincome Maize Farmsize_Ha LowLand SI SDI MaizeFarmSize MaizeLowLand MaizeSI
Poisson 1: Poisson with credit; MaizeSDI Purchased Leased_rented Communal FemAchmtAsset FemAchmtGrpMem FemAchmtProDec
Poisson 2: Poisson without credit; FemAchmtIncCon FemAchmtCredit FemAchmtWork Parity_dummy Extensioncontact Age AgeSq SchlgYr
ZIP Count*: ZIP Count without credit. Gender Never_married Ever_married HHSize DepRatio NC NE SE SS SW Native PHCN CoopSociety
^***, ^**_, ^* represent statistical significance at 1%, 5% & 10%

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ISSN: 2048-7010

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