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Table 2 Components and indicators affecting the realization of food security

From: Food security assessment in rural areas: evidence from Iran

Components

Variables

ID code

Sources

Economic

Housing quality

E1

Sarlio-Lahteenkorva and Lahelma [44]; Studdert et al. [41]; Bedeke [60]

Housing ownership

E2

Arable land area

E3

The amount of savings

E4

Number of small and large livestock

E5

The amount of income earned from the agricultural sector

E6

Job variety of household

E7

Benefiting from banking facilities

E8

Social

Age of household head

E9

Nord [58]; Sugie [62] Coleman-Jensen [63]; Cox and Wallace [64]

Literacy level

E10

Dependency burden (the number of individuals to support in the family)

E11

Size of family

E12

Number of children

E13

Structural-spatial

Number of visits to the city

E14

Browne et al. [65]

The extent of urban–rural relations

E15

Investment of urban people in villages

E16

Going to the city for employment

E17

Selling products to urban intermediaries

E18

Going to the city to receive general services (educational, health, cultural, and welfare)

E19

The number of visits to buy food in the city

E20

Selling manufactured products without intermediaries and directly to the city

E21

Access

Unavailability of food needed by the household

E22

Lima [66]; Food Security Network [67]

Lack of availability of various foods

E23

Insufficient food supply centers

E24

Appropriate quantity and quality of food available in village retail stores

E25

Access to organic food and non-transgenic products

E26

Access to appropriate technologies for food production

E27

The high cost of access to food

E28

Accessibility

Insufficient income to buy food

E29

Audsley et al. [69]; WRAP [70]; Schmidinger and Stehfest [71]

Insufficient income to diversify the diet

E30

Lack of government cooperation in easy access to food throughout the year for the lower economic classes of the village

E31

Lack of access to food without suffering psychological damage

E32

Lack of sense of social justice in access to food among the people

E33

Consumption

Awareness of the quality of food consumed

E34

Sim et al. (2006); Edwards-Jones et al. [73]

Low food waste

E35

Awareness of proper diet of family members

E36

Lack of proper diet for the family during the week

E37

Lack of proper nutrition for children during the week

E38

Stability

Instability in household food consumption throughout the year

E39

Sim et al. (2006); Edwards-Jones et al. [73]

Instability in the consumption of various foods throughout the year

E40

Lack of stable income for food consumption throughout the year

E41