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Table 5 Determinants of marketed surplus with and without fertilizer adoption (log of marketed surplus): an endogenous switching regression model.

From: Does fertilizer adoption enhance smallholders’ commercialization? An endogenous switching regression model from northern Ethiopia

Variables

Adopters

Non-adopters

Head’s gender (female = 1)

− 0.060 (0.302)

1.259*** (0.421)

Head’s age (years)

− 0.026*** (0.008)

− 0.013 (0.010)

Head’s education (illiterate = 1)

0.108 (0.257)

− 0.080 (0.493)

Family size (number)

− 0.166** (0.081)

0.206 (0.152)

Male adult (number)

− 0.106 (0.120)

− 0.262 (0.227)

Female adult (number)

− 0.109 (0.129)

− 0.087 (0.216)

Oxen owned (number)

0.498*** (0.167)

0.515** (0.241)

Non-ox Tropical Livestock unit (TLU)

− 0.055 (0.046)

0.107* (0.0619)

Distance to district office (hour)

− 0.291 (0.256)

0.526 (0.419)

Distance to nearby market (hour)

0.094 (0.141)

− 0.21 (0.181)

Second tercile land owned (ha)

0.949*** (0.313)

1.213** (0.5809

Third tercile land owned (ha)

1.537*** (0.312)

1.188* (0.6219)

Access to irrigation (yes = 1)

1.064*** (0.264)

− 0.235 (0.425)

Constant

11.27*** (0.685)

6.670*** (1.199)

Inverse Millis Ratio one (λ1)

− 1.521 (0.765)

 

Inverse Millis Ratio one (λ0)

 

− 0.186 (0.603)

Predicted marketed surplus

10.326 (1.059)

9.775 (0.980)

Significant difference of predicted marketed surplus of adaptors–non-adopters observation

0.550*** (0.094)

 

Number of observations

440

186

  1. First trices are used a base for land ownership category
  2. ***, ** level of significance at 1 and 5%, respectively