Description (variable) | Measurement | Meana | t-test | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aware (165) | Not aware (120) | |||
Food Insecurity Experience Score (FIES) | 0 = food secure; 1–3 = mild food insecurity; 4–6 = moderate food insecurity; 7–9 = severe food insecurity | 2.55 | 3.98 | 4.26*** |
Farmer characteristics | ||||
Age | Years | 46.30 | 43.05 | 2.10** |
Sex | 1 = male, 0 = female | 0.93 | 0.68 | 5.48*** |
Household size | Number of people in a household | 14.04 | 14.38 | 0.31 |
Education of household head | Years of education | 2.46 | 1.75 | 1.38* |
Opinion leader | 1 = opinion leader, 0 = otherwise | 0.37 | 0.29 | 1.38* |
FBO membership | 1 = member, 0 = otherwise | 0.58 | 0.19 | 7.27*** |
Engagement in off-farm | 1 = engaged in off-farm activity, 0 = otherwise | 0.68 | 0.58 | 1.64* |
Information access variable | ||||
Distance to district capital | Kilometres (km) | 5.07 | 7.08 | 3.78*** |
Distance to regional capital | Kilometres (km) | 74.16 | 90.62 | 3.06*** |
Training on animal production | 1 = trained, 0 = not trained | 0.15 | 0.08 | 1.81** |
Training on crop production | 1 = trained, 0 = not trained | 0.22 | 0.21 | 0.32 |
Ownership of TV | 1 = own TV, 0 = do not own TV | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.65 |
Ownership of phone | 1 = own phone, 0 = do not own phone | 0.94 | 0.74 | 4.47*** |
Ownership of radio | 1 = own radio, 0 = do not own radio | 0.82 | 0.63 | 3.73*** |
E-extension contact | 1 = yes, 0 = otherwise | 0.51 | 0.18 | 6.18*** |
Wealth and welfare variables | ||||
Animal diversity | Numbers of species of animal reared | 3.04 | 1.83 | 6.75 |
Crop diversity | Numbers of crops cultivated | 3.01 | 2.42 | 3.50*** |
Farm size | Acres | 11.34 | 7.10 | 4.42*** |
Institutional and policy variables | ||||
Number of contacts with agricultural extension | Numbers of contacts per year | 1.57 | 0.94 | 2.80*** |
Credit access | 1 = access to credit, 0 = otherwise | 0.48 | 0.23 | 4.75*** |
Beneficiary of any NGO interventions | 1 = yes, 0 = otherwise | 0.48 | 0.19 | 4.42*** |
Access to electronic extension | 1 = yes, 0 = otherwise | 0.51 | 0.18 | 6.18*** |