Skip to main content

Table 2 Descriptive results. Mean values; standard deviations in parenthesis

From: Adoption of improved agricultural technology and its impact on household income: a propensity score matching estimation in eastern Ethiopia

 

(1) (n = 119)

(2) Non-users (n = 129)

(3) t-test/\({{\varvec{\chi}}}^{2}\)-test

(p-value)

Outcome variable

 Farm income (Birr)

33,082.35 (11,692.80)

14,923.26 (21,289.41)

–1.74 (0.042)**

Demographic variables

 Age (years)

39.98 (11.71)

36.4 (11.22)

–2.45 (0.008) ***

 Male household heada

74.79

54.26

11.34 (0.001) ***

 Education (years)

3.57 (4.18)

2.53 (3.52)

–2.12 (0.017)**

 Family size (number)

6.15 (1.98)

6.46 (2.54)

0.99 (0.838)

 Farming experience (years)

22.42 (11.24)

19.74 (10.50)

–1.94 (0.027)**

Economic variables

 Livestock (Tropical Livestock Unit—TLU)

2.14 (1.58)

1.67 (1.61)

–2.29 (0.011)**

 Land size (Hectare – ha)

0.91 (0.57)

0.78 (0.65)

–1.61 (0.055)*

 Non-/off-farm income (Birr)

3034.27 (7871.68)

2852.56 (11,607.67)

–0.14 (0.443)

 Access to irrigationa

32.77

31.01

0.09 (0.766)

 Soil and water conservation (SWC) practicesa

74.79

53.49

12.15 (0.000)***

 Asset value (Birr)

2929.24 (4583.34)

3288.72 (4166.50)

0.65 (0.741)

Institutional variables

 DAs visit (number)

1.44 (1.81)

1.77 (2.60)

1.15 (0.875)

 Participation in FTCsa

64.71

37.21

18.72 (0.000)***

 Cooperative participationa

25.21

17.83

2.01 (0.157)

 Credit accessa

18.49

17.05

0.09 (0.770)

 Access to market informationa

94.96

74.42

19.70 (0.000)***

 Market distance (kilometer—km)

0.58 (0.35)

0.81(0.96)

2.44 (0.992)

 Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) participationa

17.65

13.95

0.64 (0.430)

  1. *,**, *** indicate statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively
  2. a Proportion (per cent) of the sample
  3. TLU  Tropical Livestock Unit, SWC  Soil and Water Conservation, DAs  Development Agents, FTCs   Farmers’ Training Centers, PSNP   Productive Safety Net Program