| (1) (n = 119) | (2) Non-users (n = 129) | (3) t-test/\({{\varvec{\chi}}}^{2}\)-test (p-value) |
---|---|---|---|
Outcome variable | |||
 Farm income (Birr) | 33,082.35 (11,692.80) | 14,923.26 (21,289.41) | –1.74 (0.042)** |
Demographic variables | |||
 Age (years) | 39.98 (11.71) | 36.4 (11.22) | –2.45 (0.008) *** |
 Male household heada | 74.79 | 54.26 | 11.34 (0.001) *** |
 Education (years) | 3.57 (4.18) | 2.53 (3.52) | –2.12 (0.017)** |
 Family size (number) | 6.15 (1.98) | 6.46 (2.54) | 0.99 (0.838) |
 Farming experience (years) | 22.42 (11.24) | 19.74 (10.50) | –1.94 (0.027)** |
Economic variables | |||
 Livestock (Tropical Livestock Unit—TLU) | 2.14 (1.58) | 1.67 (1.61) | –2.29 (0.011)** |
 Land size (Hectare – ha) | 0.91 (0.57) | 0.78 (0.65) | –1.61 (0.055)* |
 Non-/off-farm income (Birr) | 3034.27 (7871.68) | 2852.56 (11,607.67) | –0.14 (0.443) |
 Access to irrigationa | 32.77 | 31.01 | 0.09 (0.766) |
 Soil and water conservation (SWC) practicesa | 74.79 | 53.49 | 12.15 (0.000)*** |
 Asset value (Birr) | 2929.24 (4583.34) | 3288.72 (4166.50) | 0.65 (0.741) |
Institutional variables | |||
 DAs visit (number) | 1.44 (1.81) | 1.77 (2.60) | 1.15 (0.875) |
 Participation in FTCsa | 64.71 | 37.21 | 18.72 (0.000)*** |
 Cooperative participationa | 25.21 | 17.83 | 2.01 (0.157) |
 Credit accessa | 18.49 | 17.05 | 0.09 (0.770) |
 Access to market informationa | 94.96 | 74.42 | 19.70 (0.000)*** |
 Market distance (kilometer—km) | 0.58 (0.35) | 0.81(0.96) | 2.44 (0.992) |
 Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) participationa | 17.65 | 13.95 | 0.64 (0.430) |