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Table 5 Average treatment effect of CSA adoption on food security and household income

From: The impact of climate smart agriculture on household welfare in smallholder integrated crop–livestock farming systems: evidence from Zimbabwe

Index

Income

Food security

Estimate

Std Err.

t value

Estimate

Std. Err.

t value

ATT

0.713

0.016

43.72c

1.492

0.090

16.604c

ATU

− 0.532

0.081

− 6.61c

0.370

0.297

1.245

ATE

0.642

0.022

29.52c

1.428

0.087

16.349c

  1. a, b, cA significance level of 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively