Economic analysis of integrated vegetable–poultry production systems in the Babati District of Tanzania

Table 1 Data definitions and descriptive statistics

Variables	Data description	Non-integrators (1) (N = 110)		Integrators (2) (N = 140)		t-test (1–2)
Variables	Data description	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	t-test (1–2)
Gender of head	1 if household head (HH) is male	0.845	0.363	0.836	0.372	0.208
Marital status of head	1 if HH is married	0.691	0.464	0.836	0.372	− 2.739***
Household size	Number of household members	4.745	2.304	5.571	1.855	− 3.139***
Education	Number of years of formal education of the household head	6.654	2.758	7.329	2.551	− 2.001**
Age of head	Age of the HH in years	46.373	14.691	48.186	11.362	− 1.101
Land owned (ha)	Total land owned in hectares	0 .916	0 .866	1.420	1.334	− 3.436***
Off-farm income	1 if household have access to off-farm income sources	0 .464	0 .501	0 .386	0 .489	1.238
Total income	Total household income in USD	125.003	111.658	177.983	178.064	− 2.727**
Credit	1 if household access credit	0.191	0 .395	0 .221	0.417	− 0.588
Extension	1 if household access extension service	0 .6	0 .492	0 .736	0.442	− 2.290**
Attending V–P training	1 if any household member ever attend training about V–P integration	0 .391	0 .491	0 .550	0 .499	− 2.521**
Awareness of V–P benefits	1 if the household is aware of the benefits of V–P	0.854	0.354	0 .964	0 .186	− 3.154***
Bermi	1 if farmer is from Bermi	0.155	0.363	0.236	0.426	− 1.594
Galapo	1 if farmer is from Galapo	0.264	0.443	0.157	0.365	2.084**
Matufa	1 if farmer is from Matufa	0.255	0.438	0.157	0.365	1.918*
Seloto	1 if farmer is from Seloto	0.164	0.372	0.221	0.417	− 1.141
Shaurimoyo	1 if farmer is from Shaurimoyo	0.164	0.372	0.229	0.421	− 1.273

***, **, * Denote the level of significance of difference in means at 1%, 5%, 10%, respectively

ISSN: 2048-7010